Comanche.2C Kiowa and Apache .E2.80.93 October 6.E2.80.9321.2C 1892 Cherokee Commission

-


quanah parker


in august 1892 report of commissioner of indian affairs secretary of interior, submitted indian agent george d. day, total reservation population counted kiowa 1,014, comanche 1,531 , apache 241.


the commission opened negotiations kiowa, comanche , apache @ fort sill on september 26, 1892. jerome made opening presentation, , quanah parker asked how money per acre, , terms offered. jerome stalled on details of money. other tribal members preferred defer negotiations until treaty of medicine lodge expired. @ next day s session, parker continued press jerome financial details, jerome avoided discussing money. sayre detailed overall offer of $2,000,000 , per capita distribution. parker once again asked how per acre. sayre didn t have answer, , parker asked him how arrived @ $2,000,000. that, sayre replied, ...we guess @ it. parker stated had heard price per acre differential between various tribal agreements. lone wolf added many wanted defer until expiration of medicine lodge treaty.


on october 3, wilson cited 1887 dawes act, reminding tribes government force allotment on them. parker proposed 1 elected representative each tribe meet attorney of choosing, 2 months prepare tribal proposal. indian agent george d. day spoke on october 5, telling assemblage commissioners friends, , either accept commission s offer, or forced allotment dawes act. jerome pointed parker s wealth erroneously example of allotment bring average tribal member. parker had proposed $500,000 added $2,000,000 offer, , congress make decision it. kiowa chief tohauson spoke on october 6, saying neither nor many in tribe sign agreement. @ final fort sill meeting on october 11, commission pressed signatures reluctant kiowas.


anadarko location october 14, 15, 17 sessions, noted kiowa reluctance sign document. on october 22 on fort sill, commission notified president had required number of signatures agreement comanche, kiowa , apache (1892).


protests began there had been irregularity in obtaining signatures, , individuals had been misled terms of agreement. lone wolf , quanah parker joined others many times in washington d.c. meetings air viewpoints. 1893 each succeeding congress attempted amend agreement before final ratification in 1900.


lone wolf v. hitchcock

lone wolf


once commission laid claim sufficient number of signatures passage, lone wolf , other kiowa alleged fraud. in october 1899, petition of majority of kiowa males presented congress questioning validity of agreement. upon onset of allotment process, lone wolf filed complaint supreme court in district of columbia, seeking injunction against department of interior. former congressman william springer acted tribal attorney. indian rights association became involved. complaint alleged agreement unconstitutional on grounds conflicted treaty of medicine lodge requirement of signatures of three-fourths of tribal adult males.


in 1903 lone wolf v. hitchcock decision, court ruled against lone wolf, stating congress acted in faith, , judiciary branch of government should not question motives. court ruled congress within plenary powers abrogate treaties when acts in best interests of tribes.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

In literature Socialist realism in Romania

-
1 in literature 1.1 prose works 1.2 poetry 1.3 drama in literature the symbolic debut of socialist realism in literature, official ideology, took place in january 1948, when 3 articles signed sorin toma published in scînteia. titled poetry of putrefaction or putrefaction of poetry , dealt poetic works of tudor arghezi. language used extremely harsh , marked complete break interwar values: foul-smelling vocabulary [...], arghezi in poetry picasso did in painting, introducing excrement artistic material... 1 finds bits of real beauty here , there in arghezi s poetry. in 1950, mihai eminescu school of literature founded, aim of forming new generation of writers in romanian people s republic. in article published in viaţa românească (nr. 3 of 1951), mihai beniuc, member of writers union of romania, offered definition of socialist-realist poet: must philosopher familiar profound ideas of age [...], toward marx, engels, lenin , stalin opened way [...], , activist in service of ideas. ne...
Read more

Flipnote creation Flipnote Studio 3D

-
the main screen of flipnote creation interface. largely similar predecessor, flipnote studio 3d allows users create short animated sketches known flipnotes. flipnotes can made of hundreds of frames, , can played @ variety of speeds. software offers users option create 3d flipnotes drawing different parts of animation on 3 layers. the main tools include pen, eraser, , paintbrush. new flipnotes studio 3d tools draw shapes, fill enclosed areas (paint bucket), , insert text. application features limited color palette, including black, white, red, blue, green, , yellow. slight improvement upon flipnote studio, didn t include yellow , green selectable colors, still possible using color mixing. selection tool used copy , manipulate parts of frame. users can use 3ds system s camera , microphone add audio , photos creations. these animations can either shared on application s native online community, or exporting them gif or avi files.
Read more

How CURP codes are built Unique Population Registry Code

-
1 how curp codes built 1.1 exceptions 1.1.1 Ñ 1.1.2 common given names 1.1.3 catalog of inappropriate words how curp codes built to understand how curp codes built, 1 must first understand hispano american naming conventions. full names in spanish-speaking countries (including mexican full names) consist of 3 elements: the curp code composed of 18 characters assigned follows: the first surname s initial , first inside vowel; the second surname s initial (or letter x if, foreign nationals, person has no second surname); the first given name s initial; date of birth (2 digits year, 2 digits month, , 2 digits day); a one-letter gender indicator (h male (hombre in spanish) or m female (mujer in spanish)); a two-letter code state person born; persons born abroad, code ne (nacido en el extranjero) used; the first surname s second inside consonant; the second surname s second inside consonant; the first given name s second inside consonant; and two characters ranging 0-9 people born before...
Read more