Description Sandpiper

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the least sandpiper smallest species of sandpiper


the sandpipers exhibit considerable range in size , appearance, wide range of body forms reflecting wide range of ecological niches. sandpipers range in size least sandpiper, @ little 18 grams (0.040 pounds) , 11 cm (4.3 in) in length, far eastern curlew, @ 66 cm (26 in) in length, , eurasian curlew, @ 1.3 kg (2.9 lb). within species there considerable variation in patterns of sexual dimorphism. males larger females in ruffs , several sandpipers, smaller females in knots, curlews, phalaropes , godwits. sexes sized in snipes, woodcock , tringine sandpipers. compared other large family of wading birds, plovers (charadriidae) tend have smaller eye, more slender heads, , longer thinner bills. quite long-legged, , species have 3 forward pointing toes smaller hind toe (the exception sanderling, lacks hind toe).


sandpipers more geared towards tactile foraging methods plovers, favour more visual foraging methods, , reflected in high density of tactile receptors in tips of bills. these receptors housed in slight horny swelling @ tip of bill (except surfbird , 2 turnstones). bill shape highly variable within family, reflecting differences in feeding ecology. bill length relative head length varies 3 times length of head in long-billed curlew under half head length in tuamotu sandpiper. bills may straight, upcurled or downcurved. birds, bills of sandpipers capable of cranial kinesis, literally being able move bones of skull (other obvious movement of lower jaw) , bending upper jaw without opening entire jaw, act known rhynchokinesis. has been hypothesized helps when probing allowing bill partly opened less force , improving manipulation of prey items in substrate. rhynchokinesis used sandpipers feeding on prey in water catch , manipulate prey.








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