Reign of Bashir II Shihab dynasty

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bashir shihab ii emir of mount lebanon 1789 until 1840.


the prominent among shihab emirs emir bashir shihab ii, comparable fakhr ad-din ii. ability statesman first tested in 1799, when napoleon besieged acre, well-fortified coastal city in palestine, forty kilometers south of tyre. both napoleon , ahmad pasha al-jazzar, governor of sidon, requested assistance bashir, remained neutral, declining assist either combatant. unable conquer acre, napoleon returned egypt, , death of al-jazzar in 1804 removed bashir s principal opponent in area. when bashir ii decided break away ottoman empire, allied himself muhammad ali pasha, founder of modern egypt, , assisted muhammad ali s son, ibrahim pasha, in siege of acre. siege lasted 7 months, city falling on may 27, 1832. egyptian army, assistance bashir s troops, attacked , conquered damascus on june 14, 1832.


in 1840, principal european powers (britain, austria, prussia, , russia), opposing pro-egyptian policy of french, signed london treaty sublime porte (the ottoman ruler) on july 15, 1840. according terms of treaty, muhammad ali asked leave syria; when rejected request, ottoman , british troops landed on lebanese coast on september 10, 1840. faced combined force, muhammad ali retreated, , on october 14, 1840, bashir ii surrendered british , went exile. bashir shihab iii appointed. on january 13, 1842, sultan deposed bashir iii , appointed omar pasha governor of mount lebanon. event marked end of rule of shihabs.








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