Geography Nanjing

1 geography

1.1 climate , environment
1.2 cityscape
1.3 environmental issues

1.3.1 air pollution in 2013

geography

nanjing region - lower yangtze basin , eastern china.

nanjing, total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), situated in heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of yangtze river, , in yangtze river delta, 1 of largest economic zones of china. yangtze river flows past west side , north side of nanjing city, while ningzheng ridge surrounds north, east , south sides of city. city 650 kilometres (400 mi) southeast of luoyang, 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) south-southeast of beijing, 300 kilometres (190 mi) west-northwest of shanghai, , 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) east-northeast of chongqing. yangtze river flows downstream jiujiang, jiangxi, through anhui , jiangsu east china sea. northern part of lower yangtze drainage basin huai river basin , southern part zhe river basin; connected grand canal east of nanjing. area around nanjing called hsiajiang (下江, downstream river) region, jianghuai dominant in northern part , jiangzhe dominant in southern part. region known dongnan (東南, south east, southeast) , jiangnan (江南, , river south, south of yangtze).

nanjing borders yangzhou northeast (one town downstream when following north bank of yangtze); zhenjiang east (one town downstream when following south bank of yangtze); , changzhou southeast. on western boundary anhui province, nanjing borders 5 prefecture-level cities: chuzhou northwest, wuhu, chaohu , maanshan west , xuancheng southwest.

nanjing @ intersection of yangtze river, east-west water transport artery, , nanjing–beijing railway, north-south land transport artery, hence name “door of east , west, throat of south , north”. furthermore, west part of ningzhen range in nanjing; loong-like zhong mountain curls round east side of city, while tiger-like stone mountain crouches in west of city, hence name “the zhong mountain, dragon curling, , stone mountain, tiger crouching”.

climate , environment













autumn maple leaves in qixia mountain temple.

nanjing has humid subtropical climate (köppen cfa) , under influence of east asian monsoon. 4 seasons distinct, damp conditions seen throughout year, hot , muggy summers, cold, damp winters, , in between, spring , autumn of reasonable length. along chongqing , wuhan, nanjing traditionally referred 1 of 3 furnacelike cities along yangtze river (长江流域三大火炉) perennially high temperatures in summertime. however, time mid-june end of july plum blossom blooming season in meiyu (rainy season of east asia; literally plum rain ) occurs, during city experiences period of mild rain dampness. typhoons uncommon possible in late stages of summer , part of autumn. annual mean temperature around 15.91 °c (60.6 °f), monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging 2.7 °c (36.9 °f) in january 28.1 °c (82.6 °f) in july. extremes since 1951 have ranged −14.0 °c (7 °f) on 6 january 1955 40.7 °c (105 °f) on 22 august 1959. on average precipitation falls 115 days out of year, , average annual rainfall 1,090 millimetres (43 in). monthly percent possible sunshine ranging 37 percent in march 52 percent in august, city receives 1,926 hours of bright sunshine annually.

nanjing endowed rich natural resources, include more 40 kinds of minerals. among them, iron , sulfur reserves make 40 percent of of jiangsu province. reserves of strontium rank first in east asia , south east asia region. nanjing possesses abundant water resources, both yangtze river , groundwater. in addition, has several natural hot springs such tangshan hot spring in jiangning , tangquan hot spring in pukou.

sun yat-sen once summarized , lauded feature of nanjing in book international development of china (建國方略):

nanking old capital of china before peking, , situated in fine locality comprises high mountains, deep water , vast level plain—a rare site found in part of world. lies @ center of rich country on both sides of lower yangtze. (南京為中國古都，在北京之前，而其位置乃在一美善之地區。其地有高山，有深水，有平原，此三種天工，鐘毓一處，在世界中之大都市誠難覓如此佳境也。而又恰居長江下游兩岸最豐富區域之中心...)

to more exact, surrounded yangtze river , mountains, urban area of city enjoys scenic natural environment. xuanwu lake , mochou lake located in centre of city , accessible public, while purple mountain covered deciduous , coniferous forests preserving various historical , cultural sites. meanwhile, yangtze river deep-water channel constructing enable nanjing capable of navigation of 50,000 dwt vessels form estuary.

cityscape


nanjing skyline, taken in 2012.




environmental issues
air pollution in 2013

7 december 2013 image nasa s terra satellite of eastern china smog

a dense wave of smog began in central , east parts of china on 2 december 2013 across distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including tianjin, hebei, shandong, jiangsu, anhui, shanghai , zhejiang. lack of cold air flow, combined slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants form thick layer of smog on region. heavy smog heavily polluted central , southern jiangsu province, in , around nanjing, aqi pollution index @ severely polluted 5 straight days , heavily polluted nine. on 3 december 2013, levels of pm2.5 particulate matter average on 943 micrograms per cubic metre, falling on 338 micrograms per cubic metre on 4 december 2013. between 3:00 pm, 3 december , 2:00pm, 4 december local time, several expressways nanjing other jiangsu cities closed, stranding dozens of passenger buses in zhongyangmen bus station. 5 6 december, nanjing issued red alert air pollution , closed down kindergarten through middle schools. children s hospital outpatient services increased 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections increased. smog dissipated 12 december. officials blamed dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, , coal-powered district heating system in north china. prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly so2) towards china s east coast.

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