Struggle for authority Pope Urban II

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from outset, urban had reckon presence of guibert, former bishop of ravenna held rome antipope clement iii . gregory had repeatedly clashed emperor henry iv on papal authority. despite walk canossa, gregory had backed rebel duke of swabia , again excommunicated emperor. henry took rome in 1084 , installed clement iii in place.



a 19th-century stained-glass depiction of urban receiving st anselm, exiled england william red amid investiture controversy


urban took policies of pope gregory vii and, while pursuing them determination, showed greater flexibility , diplomatic finesse. kept away rome, urban toured northern italy , france. series of well-attended synods held in rome, amalfi, benevento, , troia supported him in renewed declarations against simony, lay investitures, clerical marriages (partly via cullagium tax), , emperor , antipope. facilitated marriage of matilda, countess of tuscany, welf ii, duke of bavaria. supported rebellion of prince conrad against father , receiving office of groom him @ cremona in 1095. while there, helped arrange marriage between conrad , maximilla, daughter of count roger of sicily, occurred later year @ pisa; large dowry helped finance conrad s continued campaigns. empress adelaide encouraged in charges of sexual coercion against husband. supported theological , ecclesiastical work of anselm, negotiating solution cleric s impasse king william ii of england , receiving england s support against imperial pope in rome.


urban maintained vigorous support predecessors reforms, however, , did not shy supporting anselm when new archbishop of canterbury fled england. likewise, despite importance of french support cause, upheld legate hugh of die s excommunication of king philip on doubly bigamous marriage bertrade de montfort, wife of count of anjou. (the ban repeatedly lifted , reimposed king promised forswear , repeatedly returned her. public penance in 1104 ended controversy, although bertrade remained active in attempting see sons succeed philip instead of louis.)








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