Reign Abu Taghlib

-


map of jazira (upper mesopotamia), homeland , main power base of hamdanids


abu taghlib, surnamed al-ghadanfar ( lion ), succeeded father emir , head of jaziran branch of hamdanid family, authority contested younger half-brother, hamdan. nasir al-dawla had entrusted latter governance of nisibis, maridin , rahba shortly before deposition, , may have intended name him heir on abu taghlib. hamdan indeed son of nasir al-dawla protest father s deposition, , refused recognize abu taghlib. aid of new buyid emir of iraq, izz al-dawla bakhtiyar, abu taghlib prevailed on hamdan, fled baghdad. in addition, abu taghlib used conditions of near-anarchy prevailing in syria @ time , after sayf al-dawla s death expand territory @ expense of cousin, sa d al-dawla. upon sayf al-dawla s death, abu taghlib seized raqqa , rafiqa, , 971 had extended control on of diyar bakr , diyar mudar, once part of sayf al-dawla s domain, uniting entire jazira under rule. sa d al-dawla, deprived of own capital , lacking power offer resistance, tacitly accepted these losses cousin s suzerainty. ruler of jazira, abu taghlib 1 of richest rulers of region; ibn hawkal s descriptions attest wealth derived many hamdanid estates, , ibn miskawayh, tasked inventorying family s mountain strongholds after buyid dissolution of hamdanid emirate in 979, writes of immense cash reserves stored there.


relations buyids good, abu taghlib, unlike father, had no direct claim on baghdad, , bakhtiyar himself preoccupied affairs in iraq , elsewhere focus attention on jazira. however, buyid prince offered refuge hamdan , other disgruntled members of hamdanid clan (including of abu taghlib s brothers, abu tahir ibrahim) , intervened in hamdanid family quarrels. in 970 hamdan restored in rahba buyid pressure, chased away again in 971. exiled prince urged bakhtiyar make war on abu taghlib: in 973 buyids once again occupied mosul, while abu taghlib army outflanked them , threatened baghdad. conflict ended in negotiated settlement in 974 included in provisions award of laqab of ʿuddat al-dawla ( instrument of dynasty ) abu taghlib caliph , restoration of hamdan domains. during same period, abu taghlib faced attacks of byzantines, under emperor john tzimiskes penetrated deep jazira, forcing hamdanids pay tribute. devastating raids of 972 partly avenged through defeat , capture of domestic of schools melias @ amid in 973, in 974 tzimiskes himself raided jazira in retaliation.



map of iraq in 9th–10th centuries


in 973–975, abu taghlib supported bakhtiyar in own struggles safeguard power. once again marched on baghdad during rebellion of turkish military commander, sabuktakin, although intervention of buyid emir of shiraz, adud al-dawla, decided conflict bakhtiyar. result of assistance, in 975 abu taghlib secured revision of earlier treaty freed him payment of tribute. in 976, following death of tzimiskes, abu taghlib agreed support bid byzantine throne of rebel general bardas skleros, whom concluded treaty whereby hamdanid ruler supplied skleros light cavalry in exchange unspecified marriage agreement.


in 977, bakhtiyar found himself driven baghdad ambitious adud al-dawla, turned again hamdanids aid. abu taghlib agreed support him in exchange handing on of hamdan, promptly executed. although secured abu taghlib s position in family, brought him attention of adud al-dawla. in may 978, bakhtiyar , abu taghlib defeated in battle near samarra adud al-dawla. bakhtiyar himself captured , executed @ orders of adud al-dawla, advanced on mosul. unlike earlier buyid expeditions against hamdanids, had failed chiefly because unable sustain in jazira, far better organized, adud al-dawla brought along experienced administrators familiar area. buyids took mosul , forced abu taghlib flee mayyafariqin , mountains of armenia; while buyids laid siege mayyafariqin, visited skleros in byzantine territory in anzitene, trying secure assistance, in vain, skleros hard-pressed loyalist general bardas phokas. after fall of mayyafariqin in 978, abu taghlib fled rahba, tried in vain negotiate adud al-dawla.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

In literature Socialist realism in Romania

-
1 in literature 1.1 prose works 1.2 poetry 1.3 drama in literature the symbolic debut of socialist realism in literature, official ideology, took place in january 1948, when 3 articles signed sorin toma published in scînteia. titled poetry of putrefaction or putrefaction of poetry , dealt poetic works of tudor arghezi. language used extremely harsh , marked complete break interwar values: foul-smelling vocabulary [...], arghezi in poetry picasso did in painting, introducing excrement artistic material... 1 finds bits of real beauty here , there in arghezi s poetry. in 1950, mihai eminescu school of literature founded, aim of forming new generation of writers in romanian people s republic. in article published in viaţa românească (nr. 3 of 1951), mihai beniuc, member of writers union of romania, offered definition of socialist-realist poet: must philosopher familiar profound ideas of age [...], toward marx, engels, lenin , stalin opened way [...], , activist in service of ideas. ne...
Read more

Flipnote creation Flipnote Studio 3D

-
the main screen of flipnote creation interface. largely similar predecessor, flipnote studio 3d allows users create short animated sketches known flipnotes. flipnotes can made of hundreds of frames, , can played @ variety of speeds. software offers users option create 3d flipnotes drawing different parts of animation on 3 layers. the main tools include pen, eraser, , paintbrush. new flipnotes studio 3d tools draw shapes, fill enclosed areas (paint bucket), , insert text. application features limited color palette, including black, white, red, blue, green, , yellow. slight improvement upon flipnote studio, didn t include yellow , green selectable colors, still possible using color mixing. selection tool used copy , manipulate parts of frame. users can use 3ds system s camera , microphone add audio , photos creations. these animations can either shared on application s native online community, or exporting them gif or avi files.
Read more

How CURP codes are built Unique Population Registry Code

-
1 how curp codes built 1.1 exceptions 1.1.1 Ñ 1.1.2 common given names 1.1.3 catalog of inappropriate words how curp codes built to understand how curp codes built, 1 must first understand hispano american naming conventions. full names in spanish-speaking countries (including mexican full names) consist of 3 elements: the curp code composed of 18 characters assigned follows: the first surname s initial , first inside vowel; the second surname s initial (or letter x if, foreign nationals, person has no second surname); the first given name s initial; date of birth (2 digits year, 2 digits month, , 2 digits day); a one-letter gender indicator (h male (hombre in spanish) or m female (mujer in spanish)); a two-letter code state person born; persons born abroad, code ne (nacido en el extranjero) used; the first surname s second inside consonant; the second surname s second inside consonant; the first given name s second inside consonant; and two characters ranging 0-9 people born before...
Read more