Government response Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–40

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the ruling congress party divided on hindi issue. while rajaji , supporters stuck position, sathyamurti , sarvepalli radhakrishnan against it. wanted rajaji make hindi optional or provide conscience clause allowing parents withhold children hindi classes. satyamurti disagreed use of criminal law amendment act of 1932 against anti-hindi agitators. in letter written mahatma gandhi on 7 july 1938, wrote:



i believe parent or guardian swears affidavit before magistrate stating reasons against conscience boy or girl should learn hindustani compulsorily, child may exempted. believe few parents or guardians claim exemption. expose hollowness of agitation , kill it. wish write sri. c. rajagopalachari suggesting him. moreover, not happy on use madras government of criminal law amendment act against these picketers.



rajaji defended action in g.o. issued on 14 june 1938:



the attainment our province of rightful place in national life of india requires our educated youth should possess working knowledge of spoken language in india. government have therefore decided upon introduction of hindustani in secondary school curriculum of our province. government desire make clear hindi not introduced in elementary school whatsoever, mother tongue being language taught in such schools. hindi introduced in secondary schools , there in 1st, 2nd , 3rd forms, in 6th, 7th , 8th years of school life. not therefore interfere in way teaching of mother tongue in secondary schools....hindi compulsory in sense attendance in such classes compulsory , pupils cannot take hindi substitute tamil, telugu, malayalam or kannada, must learn hindi in addition 1 of these languages.



he refused give in demands of agitators. claimed motivated prejudices of anti-aryanism , hatred of congress . police response agitation grew progressively brutal in 1939. rajaji used criminal law amendment act against agitators, charged of non-bailable criminal offenses. displeased high handedness, governor erskine complained: ..[rajaji] of tory me, though may want go twenty years, wishes go 2 thousand , run india run in time of king ashoka . during agitation, total of 1,198 protesters arrested , out of them 1,179 convicted (73 of jailed women , of them went jail children; 32 children accompanied mothers prison). periyar fined 1,000 rupees , sentenced 1 year of rigorous imprisonment inciting women disobey law (he released within 6 months on 22 may 1939 citing medical grounds) , annadurai jailed 4 months. on 7 june 1939, arrested participating in agitations released without explanation. rajaji organised pro-hindustani meetings counter agitators.








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