Cultural landscape Landscape

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the batad rice terraces, rice terraces of philippine cordilleras, first site included in unesco world heritage list cultural landscape category in 1995.


the concept of cultural landscapes can found in european tradition of landscape painting. 16th century onwards, many european artists painted landscapes in favor of people, diminishing people in paintings figures subsumed within broader, regionally specific landscapes.


the geographer otto schlüter credited having first formally used cultural landscape academic term in 20th century. in 1908, schlüter argued defining geography landschaftskunde (landscape science) give geography logical subject matter shared no other discipline. defined 2 forms of landscape: urlandschaft (transl. original landscape) or landscape existed before major human induced changes , kulturlandschaft (transl. cultural landscape ) landscape created human culture. major task of geography trace changes in these 2 landscapes.


it carl o. sauer, human geographer, influential in promoting , developing idea of cultural landscapes. sauer determined stress agency of culture force in shaping visible features of earth’s surface in delimited areas. within definition, physical environment retains central significance, medium , through human cultures act. classic definition of cultural landscape reads follows:



the cultural landscape fashioned natural landscape cultural group. culture agent, natural area medium, cultural landscape result.



a cultural landscape, defined world heritage committee, cultural properties [that] represent combined works of nature , of man.


the world heritage committee identifies 3 categories of cultural landscape, ranging (i) landscapes deliberately shaped people, through (ii) full range of combined works, (iii) least evidently shaped people (yet highly valued). 3 categories extracted committee s operational guidelines, follows:




^ malig, jojo (26 june 2012). philippine rice terraces no longer in danger . abs-cbn news. retrieved 26 june 2012. 
^ pannell, s (2006) reconciling nature , culture in global context: lessons form world heritage list. james cook university. cairns, australia. page 62
^ gibson, w.s (1989) mirror of earth: world landscape in sixteenth-century flemish painting. princeton university press, princeton, new jersey
^ james, p.e & martin, g (1981) possible worlds: history of geographical ideas. john wiley & sons. new york, p.177.
^ elkins, t.h (1989) human , regional geography in german-speaking lands in first forty years of twentieth century. entriken, j. nicholas & brunn, stanley d (eds) reflections on richard hartshorne s nature of geography. occasional publications of association of american geographers, washington dc. page 27
^ james, p.e & martin, g (1981) possible worlds: history of geographical ideas. john wiley & sons. new york. page 321-324.
^ sauer, c (1925) morphology of landscape. university of california publications in geography. number 22. pages 19-53
^ unesco (2012) operational guidelines implementation of world heritage convention [1]. unesco world heritage centre. paris. page 14.
^ unesco (2005) operational guidelines implementation of world heritage convention. unesco world heritage centre. paris. page 84.






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