In literature Socialist realism in Romania

1 in literature

1.1 prose works
1.2 poetry
1.3 drama

in literature

the symbolic debut of socialist realism in literature, official ideology, took place in january 1948, when 3 articles signed sorin toma published in scînteia. titled poetry of putrefaction or putrefaction of poetry , dealt poetic works of tudor arghezi. language used extremely harsh , marked complete break interwar values: foul-smelling vocabulary [...], arghezi in poetry picasso did in painting, introducing excrement artistic material... 1 finds bits of real beauty here , there in arghezi s poetry. in 1950, mihai eminescu school of literature founded, aim of forming new generation of writers in romanian people s republic. in article published in viaţa românească (nr. 3 of 1951), mihai beniuc, member of writers union of romania, offered definition of socialist-realist poet: must philosopher familiar profound ideas of age [...], toward marx, engels, lenin , stalin opened way [...], , activist in service of ideas.

newly appeared literary critics, guided leonte răutu, published studies in spirit of socialist-realist doctrine. these included ovid s. crohmălniceanu—un roman al industrializării socialiste ( novel of socialist industrialization ), silvian iosifescu—pe drumul înfloririi gospodăriei agricole colective ( on road flowering of administration of collective agriculture ), mihai gafiţa—romanul luptei tractoriştilor ( novel of tractor-drivers struggle ), nestor ignat—o carte despre frumuseţea vieţii noi ( book beauty of new life ), mihai novicov—pe marginea poeziei lui dan deşliu ( on margin of poetry of dan deşliu ), traian Şelmaru—mitrea cocor de mihail sadoveanu ( mitrea cocor mihail sadoveanu ) , ion vitner—poezia lui a. toma ( poetry of a. toma ).

prose works

a few representative examples:

mihail sadoveanu: fantezii răsăritene ( eastern fantasies ; 1946), păuna mică ( little peahen , 1948), mitrea cocor ( mitrea crane , 1950), novel became symbol of socialist-realist prose, depiction of class struggle, of positive heroes, of communist ironworker florea costea , boiler-maker voicu cernea, of moral , ideological transformation of mitrea during imprisonment in soviet union.
zaharia stancu, first de facto president of newly founded writers union of romania (1949): novel desculţ ( barefoot; first edition, 1948).
alexandru jar: sfârşitul jalbelor ( end of complaints ; 1950), marea pregătire ( great preparation ; 1952), novels griviţa strike of 1933 followed class-struggle pattern , gave own historical truth.
petru dumitriu: drum fără pulbere ( road without dust ) , pasărea furtunii ( bird of storm ), novels hailed achievements realised while digging danube-black sea canal, known @ time harsh political prison.
eusebiu camilar: novel negura ( fog ; 1949), book filled barbarism, stupidity , cruelty, ascribed romanian army during war of conquering soviet union .
eugen barbu: author of novels groapa ( pit ; 1957) , Şoseaua nordului ( highway of north ).

poetry

alexandru toma, later judged mediocre poet, proclaimed greatest romanian poet alive. verses imperialist american/cădea-ţi-ar bomba în ocean ( american imperialist/would bomb fell ocean ), a. toma official model romanian poets until death in 1954.

other important representatives of socialist-realist poetry, transformed slogans of romanian communist party own verses, included:

dan deşliu: cântec pentru tovarăşul plan (song comrade plan ), lazăr de la rusca ( lazăr of rusca ), massive poems appeared on 2 pages of scînteia.
victor tulbure: balada tovarăşului căzut împărţind scînteia în ilegalitate ( ballad of comrade fell while illegally distributing scînteia ).
marcel breslaşu: cîntec de leagăn al doncăi ( donca s lullaby ).
mihai beniuc: În frunte comuniştii ( communists @ top ), cântec pentru tovarăşul gheorghiu-dej ( song comrade gheorghiu-dej, partidul m-a învăţat ( party taught me ).

other poets practiced style include: eugen frunză, miron radu paraschivescu, nina cassian (an viu, nouă sute şi şaptesprezece — living year, 9 hundred , seventeen), ion brad (cincisutistul — 5 hundredist ), veronica porumbacu (tovarăşul matei primit ordinul muncii — comrade matei has received order of labour ), maria banuş (Ţie-ţi vorbesc, americă! — speaking you, america! ), Ştefan iureş (ucenicul partidului — disciple of party ), virgil teodorescu , mihu dragomir.

drama

a militant theatre conceived, active presence in ongoing class struggle , solidarity entire people around ideals of communist party. notable examples include:

mihail davidoglu: omul din ceatal ( man ceatal ), minerii ( miners ), cetatea de foc ( citadel of fire ).
aurel baranga: bal la făgădău ( ball @ inn ; 1946) and, nicolae moraru, anii negri ( black years ).
maria banuş: ziua cea mare ( big day ), first play newly collectivised romanian village.
lucia demetrius: cumpăna ( shadoof , 1949), vadul nou ( new crossing , 1951), oameni de azi ( people of today , 1952).
alexandru mirodan: ziariştii ( newspapermen , 1956), Şeful sectorului suflete ( chief of souls sector , 1963).

another characteristic of socialist realism necessity of positive hero. apparently, ion luca caragiale s o scrisoare pierdută not staged due absence of such hero.