Commander John III Sobieski

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portrait of john iii jan tricius


by 26 may 1656 received position of chorąży koronny (standard-bearer of crown). during three-day-long battle of warsaw of 1656, sobieski commanded 2,000-man strong regiment of tatar cavalry. took part in number of engagements on next 2 years, including siege of toruń in 1658. in 1659 elected deputy sejm (polish parliament), , 1 of polish negotiators of treaty of hadiach cossacks. in 1660 took part in last offensive against swedes in prussia, , rewarded office of starost of stryj. afterward took part in war against russians, participating in battle of slobodyshche , battle of lyubar, , later year again 1 of negotiators of new treaty cossacks (the treaty of cudnów).


through personal connections, became strong supporter of french faction in polish royal court, represented queen marie louise gonzaga. pro-french allegiance reinforced in 1665, when married marie casimire louise de la grange d arquien , promoted rank of grand marshal of crown.


in 1662 again elected deputy sejm, , took part in work on reforming military. member of sejm in 1664 , 1665. in between participated in russian campaign of 1663. sobieski remained loyal king during lubomirski rebellion of 1665–66, though difficult decision him. participated in sejm of 1665, , after delays, accepted prestigious office of marshal of crown on 18 may year. around late april or may 1666 received high office of commonwealth, of field crown hetman. afterward, defeated @ battle of mątwy, , signed agreement of Łęgonice on 21 july, ended lubomirski rebellion.



john iii sobieski, victor of battle of khotyn


in october 1667 achieved victory on cossacks of petro doroshenko , crimean tatar allies in battle of podhajce during polish–cossack–tatar war (1666–71). allowed him regain image skilled military leader. later year, in november, first child, james louis sobieski born in paris. on 5 february 1668 achieved rank of grand hetman of crown, highest military rank in polish–lithuanian commonwealth, , thereby de facto commander-in-chief of entire polish army. later year supported french candidacy of louis, grand condé polish throne, , after candidacy fell apart, philip william, elector palatine. following election of michał korybut wiśniowiecki joined opposition faction; , allies helped veto several sejms (including coronation ones), , attitude once again resulted in him losing popularity among regular szlachta. while pro-french stance in politics alienated some, military victories against invading tatars in 1671 helped him gain other allies. year 1672 saw internal politics destabilizing commonwealth, pro-french faction of sobieski , pro-court faction of king michał formed 2 confederations, despite major ottoman incursions in south seemed more concerned 1 uniting defend country. court faction called openly confiscation of estates , dismissal office, , declared him enemy of state . division culminated in humiliating treaty of buchach, commonwealth forced cede territories ottomans, promise annual tribute. sobieski succeeded in balancing politics , national defense, , combination of military victories on invaders, , successful negotiations @ sejm in april 1673, led compromise in court faction dropped demands , challenges against him.


on 11 november 1673 sobieski added major victory list, time defeating ottomans in battle of khotyn , capturing fortress located there. news of battle coincided death of king michal day before battle. made sobieski 1 of leading figures of state, on 19 may following year, elected monarch of commonwealth. candidacy universally supported, dozen or members of diet opposing him (mainly centered around magnates of lithuanian pac family). in light of war, requiring sobieski on front lines, coronation ceremony delayed – crowned john iii 2 years later, on 2 february 1676.








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