History Uyghurs in Beijing

1 history

1.1 tang yuan dynasties
1.2 qing dynasty , republican era
1.3 under people s republic of china

history
tang yuan dynasties

during tang dynasty, ancient uyghur kingdom , tang government had close relations , large numbers of ancient uyghurs of mongolia including merchants , soldiers migrated youzhou (modern beijing). tang governor of youzhou, zhu tao, rebelled against tang dynasty in 783, had uyghur wife , 3,000 uyghur cavalry under command. after uyghur kingdom conquered yenisei kirghiz in 840, many uyghurs fled south tang china , 30,000 settled in youzhou. in liao dynasty, youzhou became southern capital of liao , uyghurs merchants lived in part of city known weiwuerying or uyghur camp.

after genghis khan captured beijing jin dynasty in 1215, uyghur noble families serving mongol court sent administer city, renamed yanjing. these uyghur nobles qocho kingdom, formed in tarim basin in 855 , submitted mongols in 1209. among uyghurs came yanjing buluhaya, lieutenant of genghis khan , given rank of financial manager. built large estate outside city along gaoliang river , moved mother there. settlement became known weiwuercun or uyghur village. after buluhaya s death, posthumously honored külüg khan duke of wei. believed weigongcun or village of duke of wei, so-named because of buluhaya (布鲁海牙).

another uyghur noble sent yanjing alihaya (阿里海牙), severed minister of governments of capital region (after yanjing became capital of yuan dynasty) , huguang. alihaya married relative of buluhaya. son, xiaoyunshihaya (小云石海牙), known guan yunshi, noted scholar in hanlin academy.

perhaps famous uyghur official mengsusi (蒙速思), darughachi or governor of yanjing region, served in court of kublai khan. mengsusi s daughter married son of buluhaya, lian xixian (廉希宪). mengsusi s son, ashitimur, served minister on masses, , buried in weigoncun.

buluhaya s descendants took on surname lian (廉), while alihaya s named guan (贯). in 1950s, lians still among 17 farming families living in weigongcun. in 2001, daughter of lian still living there.

the uyghur nobles moved weigongcun in yuan dynasty practiced buddhism, religion of qocho kingdom. later uyghur migrants beijing muslims, , congregated in or near city s hui muslim communities.

qing dynasty , republican era

after qing dynasty conquered xinjiang in 1750s, number of nobles, artisans, entertainers, merchants, clerics, , prisoners, relocated beijing. several families of nobility, including members of khoja clan , huo-ji-si, had assisted in qing campaign. became members of mongol plain white banner , quarters built them @ huiziying, southwest of forbidden city on west chang avenue , east anfu hutong. during reign of qianlong emperor, there 329 uyhurs living in huiziying. 300 altishahri musicians , dancers brought beijing, , performed @ court banquests. reign of guangxu emperor, there on 1,800 altishahri musicians , dancers. qianlong emperor established mosque in beijing community.

after 1911 xinhai revolution, residents of community moved xinjiang, while others remained. in 1930s, there 108 uyghur households 795 inhabitants living in huiziying.

under people s republic of china

by 1950s, weigongcun had handful of farming families , had long lost uyghur character. local population grew city of beijing expanded haidian district , residents other parts of beijing moved high rises built in neighborhood. opening of nationalities university (now known minzu university of china in english) nearby, however, brought new wave of uyghur residents.

most uyghurs moved improve economic standing. nimrod baranovitch, author of inverted exile: uyghur writers , artists in beijing , political implications of work, wrote movement of uyghurs xinjiang beijing had in common great migration of millions of other people transplanted china s periphery major cities struggle share of country s burgeoning prosperity. baranovitch argued many uyghurs ethnic politics shaped every aspect of movement chinese capital , life there—a factor has made overall experience unique.

in 1980s, several hundred uyghurs xinjiang moved beijing trade fabrics, scarves , household products. congregated along wangfujing avenue, near dong market , wangfujing department store, , shipped goods xinjiang @ bamiancao post office.

in 1985, after private markets officially permitted in beijing, more uyghus arrived, opening street stands sold kebabs , dried fruit. active around beijing railway station, beijing zoo, ganjiakou, weigongcun, renmin university , haidian township.