Technologies used Immunomics

1 technologies used

1.1 immunomic microarrays

1.1.1 lymphochip


1.2 t- and- b-cell-epitope mapping tools

1.2.1 available mapping tools


1.3 tetramer staining flow cytometry
1.4 elispot

technologies used
immunomic microarrays

several types of microarrays have been created observe immune system response , interactions. antibody microarrays use antibodies probes , antigens targets. can used directly measure antigen concentrations antibody probes specific. peptide microarrays use antigen peptides probes , serum antibodies targets. these can used functional immunomic applications understanding of autoimmune diseases , allergies, definition of b-cell epitopes, vaccine studies, detection assays, , analysis of antibody specificity. mhc microarrays recent development in immunomic arrays , use peptide-mhc complexes , co-stimulatory molecules probes , t-cell populations targets. bound t-cells activated , secrete cytokines, captured specific detection antibodies. microarray can map mhc-restricted t cell epitopes.

lymphochip

the lymphochip: specialized cdna microarray

the lymphochip specialized human cdna microarray enriched genes related immune function. 17,853 cdna clones taken 3 sources. first set of clones selected if identified expressed sequence tags (ests) unique or enriched in lymphoid cdna libraries; these represent ~80% of lymphochip clones. second set of clones identified during first-generation microarray analysis of immune responses. finally, 3,183 genes known or suspected have roles in immune function, oncogenesis, apoptosis, cell proliferation, or being open reading frames pathogenic human viruses used on lymphochip. new genes being added.

t- and- b-cell-epitope mapping tools

epitope mapping identifies sites of antibodies target antigens bind. in past, scientists have isolate antigens, digest them smaller fragments, , determine of these fragments stimulated t- , b- cell responses define antibody’s epitope. immunomics harnesses power of bioinformatics , offers mapping algorithms accelerate discovery of epitope sequences. these algorithms relevant vaccine design , characterizing , modifying immune responses in context of autoimmunity, endocrinology, allergy, transplantation, diagnostics , engineering of therapeutic proteins.

t-cell , b-cell epitope mapping algorithms can computationally predict epitopes based on genomic sequence of pathogens, without prior knowledge of protein’s structure or function. series of steps used identify epitopes:

available mapping tools

epimatrix
tepitope
multipred
mhc thread
mhcpred
netmhc
lppep
bimas

tetramer staining flow cytometry

the guiding principle behind flow cytometry cells or subcellular particles tagged fluorescent probes passed through laser beam , sorted strength of fluorescence emitted cells contained in droplets. mhc [[tetramer staining]] flow cytometry identifies , isolates specific t cells based on binding specificity of cell surface receptors fluorescently-tagged mhc-peptide complexes.

elispot

elispot modified version of elisa immunoassay , common method of monitoring immune responses.