Architecture Shore Temple

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layout

shore temple, mahabalipuram, india.


all 3 temples of shore temple complex built on same platform. viewed northern end, temples appear replica of dharmaraja ratha. main shore temple, faces east sun rays shine on main deity of shiva linga in shrine, five-storied structural hindu temple rather rock-cut other monuments @ site. built sculpted granite stones hauled nearby quarry, earliest important structural temple in south india. pyramidal structure 60 feet (18 m) high , sits on 50 feet (15 m) square platform. there small temple in front original porch. made out of finely cut local granite. shore temple 1 of popular temples. recent excavations have revealed new structures here under sand.


the temple combination of 3 shrines. main shrine dedicated shiva smaller second shrine. small third shrine, between two, dedicated reclining vishnu , may have had water channelled temple, entering vishnu shrine. 2 shiva shrines orthogonal in configuration. entrance through transverse barrel vault gopuram. 2 shikharas have pyramidal outline, each individual tier distinct overhanging eaves cast dark shadows. outer wall of shrine vishnu , inner side of boundary wall extensively sculptured , topped large sculptures of nandi. temple s outer walls divided pilasters bays, lower part being carved series of rearing lions. temple walls have large sculptures of nandi.


features

shivaskanda panel shiva, uma , son skanda


the temple has garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum) in deity, sivalinga, enshrined, , small mandapa surrounded heavy outer wall little space between circumambulation. @ rear 2 shrines facing in opposite directions. inner shrine dedicated ksatriyasimnesvara reached through passage while other, dedicated vishnu, facing outwards. durga seated on lion vahana. small shrine may have been in cavity in lion s chest.


the shore temples configuration of 2 shiva shrines small vishnu shrine in between illustrates attempt balance different, competing religious requirements.


the roofs of temples have ornamentation similar pancha rathas. roofs have finials on top, indicative of religious functional nature, completed temple. octagonal shape of shikaras of 2 temples dedicated shiva in dravidian architectural style. beneath towers, sanctuary walls blank out decorations columns carved on lion mounted bases. decorations on outer faces of these shrines similar seen on pancha rathas, though due closeness sea, partially eroded due salty winds.


the distinctive feature of temple dharalinga , somaskanda panel, enshrined in interior walls of sanctum of east facing kshatriyasimhesvara temple. dharalinga deified in garbhagriha, in square shape of 12 feet (3.7 m) , height 11 feet (3.4 m). dharalinga or shivalinga in rajasimha style, carved out of black basalt stone. has sixteen faces slight fluting create crown @ top. top portion of linga damaged. total height 6 feet (1.8 m) 1 foot embedded in foundation provide stability. bas-relief, family image of shiva , consort parvati child kartikeya built on stone slab located in small shrine in temple. called somaskanada panel, carved stone panel. 2 more similar panels seen @ entrance porch of temple. type of panel depicted in nearby dharmaraja ratha of paramesvarvarman’s era. ardhamantapa or half chamber first chamber before entering sanctum sanctorum, has sculptures of brahma on south wall , vishnu on north wall. sculptures of shiva tripurantaka , durga seen on side of north wall of main shrine. there circumambulatory passage go round main shrine in clockwise direction.


the smaller shiva temple behind main temple double storied structure stepped pyramidal tower octagonal shikhara built on circular griva. kalasa , finial fitted above shikhara. kudus (horseshoe-arch dormer projections) , small shrines part of cornices @ both levels of structure. somaskanda panel decorates wall of inner shrine. there no mantapa (hall) in front of shrine (probably damaged). external walls display 2 panels. 1 called ekapadamurti, eye-legged form of shiva brahma , vishnu emanating sides. second panel of nagaraja (king of serpents) standing below five-hooded serpent.


anantashayi vishnu (reclining posture of vishnu lying on serpent ananta) enshrined in small rectangular shrine between large kshatriyasimhesvara temple , rajasimha pallaveshvara temple. vishnu depicted 4 arms attributes missing (damaged). temple structure s rectangular tower missing. typical design of kudus , small square shrines part of cornice arrangement. external walls have carvings of krishna slaying demon kesi, krishna dancing on kaliya (the 7 hooded serpent), , vishnu seated on vehicle garuda in act of saving gajendra (elephant) mouth of crocodile. inscription noted in pallava grantha script on lintel indicating earliest shrine of complex.


the entire compound wall surrounding temples sculpted large sculptures of nandi, vehicle or mount of shiva, , yalis , varahas (boars).








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