Scriptures Christianity

1 scriptures

1.1 catholic interpretation
1.2 protestant interpretation

1.2.1 clarity of scripture
1.2.2 original intended meaning of scripture

scriptures


the bible sacred book in christianity.

christianity, other religions, has adherents beliefs , biblical interpretations vary. christianity regards biblical canon, old testament , new testament, inspired word of god. traditional view of inspiration god worked through human authors produced god wished communicate. greek word referring inspiration in 2 timothy 3:16 theopneustos, literally means god-breathed .

some believe divine inspiration makes our present bibles inerrant. others claim inerrancy bible in original manuscripts, although none of extant. still others maintain particular translation inerrant, such king james version. closely related view biblical infallibility or limited inerrancy, affirms bible free of error guide salvation, may include errors on matters such history, geography or science.

the books of bible accepted orthodox, catholic , protestant churches vary somewhat, jews accepting hebrew bible canonical; there substantial overlap. these variations reflection of range of traditions, , of councils have convened on subject. every version of old testament includes books of tanakh, canon of hebrew bible. catholic , orthodox canons, in addition tanakh, include deuterocanonical books part of old testament. these books appear in septuagint, regarded protestants apocryphal. however, considered important historical documents inform understanding of words, grammar , syntax used in historical period of conception. versions of bible include separate apocrypha section between old testament , new testament. new testament, written in koine greek, contains 27 books agreed upon churches.

modern scholarship has raised many issues bible. while authorized king james version held many because of striking english prose, in fact translated erasmus greek bible in turn based on single 12th century manuscript 1 of worst manuscripts have available . scholarship in past several hundred years has gone comparing different manuscripts in order reconstruct original text. issue several books considered forgeries. injunction women silent , submissive in 1 timothy 2 thought many forgery follower of paul, similar phrase in 1 corinthians 14, thought paul, appears in different places in different manuscripts , thought margin note copyist. other verses in 1 corinthians, such 1 corinthians 11:2–16 women instructed wear covering on hair when pray or prophesies , contradict verse.

a final issue bible way in books selected inclusion in new testament. other gospels have been recovered, such found near nag hammadi in 1945, , while of these texts quite different christians have been used to, should understood of newly recovered gospel material quite possibly contemporaneous with, or earlier than, new testament gospels. core of gospel of thomas, in particular, may date ad 50 (although major scholars contest dating), , if provide insight earliest gospel texts underlie canonical gospels, texts mentioned in luke 1:1–2. gospel of thomas contains familiar canonical gospels—verse 113, example ( father s kingdom spread out upon earth, people not see ), reminiscent of luke 17:20–21—and gospel of john, terminology , approach suggestive of later termed gnosticism, has been seen possible response gospel of thomas, text commonly labelled proto-gnostic. scholarship, then, exploring relationship in church between mystical speculation , experience on 1 hand , search church order on other, analyzing new-found texts, subjecting canonical texts further scrutiny, , examination of passage of new testament texts canonical status.

catholic interpretation

st. peter s basilica, vatican city, largest church in world , symbol of catholic church

in antiquity, 2 schools of exegesis developed in alexandria , antioch. alexandrine interpretation, exemplified origen, tended read scripture allegorically, while antiochene interpretation adhered literal sense, holding other meanings (called theoria) accepted if based on literal meaning.

catholic theology distinguishes 2 senses of scripture: literal , spiritual.

the literal sense of understanding scripture meaning conveyed words of scripture. spiritual sense further subdivided into:

the allegorical sense, includes typology. example parting of red sea being understood type (sign) of baptism.
the moral sense, understands scripture contain ethical teaching.
the anagogical sense, applies eschatology, eternity , consummation of world

regarding exegesis, following rules of sound interpretation, catholic theology holds:

the injunction other senses of sacred scripture based on literal
that historicity of gospels must absolutely , held
that scripture must read within living tradition of whole church and
that task of interpretation has been entrusted bishops in communion successor of peter, bishop of rome .

protestant interpretation

protestants believe martin luther s basic beliefs against catholic church: sola scriptura (by scripture alone), sola fide (by faith alone), sola gratia (by grace alone), solus christus (through christ alone) , soli deo gloria (glory god alone).


clarity of scripture

protestant christians believe bible self-sufficient revelation, final authority on christian doctrine, , revealed truth necessary salvation. concept known sola scriptura. protestants characteristically believe ordinary believers may reach adequate understanding of scripture because scripture clear (or perspicuous ), because of of holy spirit, or both. martin luther believed without god s scripture enveloped in darkness . advocated 1 definite , simple understanding of scripture . john calvin wrote, refuse not follow holy spirit guide, find in scripture clear light. second helvetic confession, composed pastor of reformed church in zürich (successor protestant reformer zwingli) adopted declaration of doctrine european reformed churches.

original intended meaning of scripture

protestants stress meaning conveyed words of scripture, historical-grammatical method. historical-grammatical method or grammatico-historical method effort in biblical hermeneutics find intended original meaning in text. original intended meaning of text drawn out through examination of passage in light of grammatical , syntactical aspects, historical background, literary genre theological (canonical) considerations. historical-grammatical method distinguishes between 1 original meaning , significance of text. significance of text includes ensuing use of text or application. original passage seen having single meaning or sense. milton s. terry said: fundamental principle in grammatico-historical exposition words , sentences can have 1 significance in 1 , same connection. moment neglect principle drift out upon sea of uncertainty , conjecture. technically speaking, grammatical-historical method of interpretation distinct determination of passage s significance in light of interpretation. taken together, both define term (biblical) hermeneutics.

some protestant interpreters make use of typology.