Immune cell activation and differentiation Immunomics

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1 immune cell activation , differentiation

1.1 b lymphocyte anergy
1.2 lymphocyte differentiation
1.3 lymphoid malignancies





immune cell activation , differentiation
b lymphocyte anergy

microarrays have discovered gene expression patterns correlate antigen-induced activation or anergy in b lymphocytes. lymphocyte anergy pathways involve induction of some, not of signaling pathways used during lymphocyte activation. example, nfat , mapk/erk kinase pathways expressed in anergic (or “tolerant) cell lines, whereas nf-kb , c-jun n-terminal kinases pathways not. of 300 genes altered in expression after antigen-stimulated naïve b cells, 8 of these genes regulated in tolerant b cells. understanding these “tolerance” pathways have important implications designing immunosuppressive drugs. these gene expression signatures of tolerant b cells used during drug screens probe compounds mimic functional effects of natural tolerance.


lymphocyte differentiation

gene expression profiles during human lymphocyte differentiation has followed mature, naïve b cells resting state through germinal center reactions , terminal differentiation. these studies have shown germinal center b cells represent distinct stage in differentiation because gene expression profile different activated peripheral b cells. although no in vitro culture system has been able induce resting peripheral b cells adopt full germinal center phenotype, these gene expression profiles can used measure success of in vitro cultures in mimicking germinal center state being developed.


lymphoid malignancies

about 9 of every 10 human lymphoid cancers derive b cells. distinct immunome-wide expression patterns in large number of diffuse large cell lymphoma (dlcl)– common form of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma – have identified @ least 2 different subtypes in thought single disease. 1 subset of these dlcls shows similar gene expression pattern of normal germinal center b cells , implies tumor cell originated germinal center b cell. other surveys of b cell malignancies show follicular lymphomas share expression features germinal center b cells, whereas chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells resemble resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. furthermore, heterogeneity in each of these cell lines suggest different subtypes exist within each type of lymphoma, has been shown in dlcl. such knowledge can used direct patients appropriate therapy.








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