Definition and etymology Landscape

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autumn landscape in rybiniszki, latvia, watercolor stanisław masłowski, 1902 (national museum in warsaw, poland)


there several definitions of constitutes landscape, depending on context. in common usage however, landscape refers either visible features of area of land (usually rural), considered in terms of aesthetic appeal, or pictorial representation of area of countryside, within genre of landscape painting. when people deliberately improve aesthetic appearance of piece of land—by changing contours , vegetation, etc.—it said have been landscaped, though result may not constitute landscape according definitions.


the word landscape (landscipe or landscaef) arrived in england—and therefore english language—after fifth century, following arrival of anglo-saxons; these terms referred system of human-made spaces on land. term landscape emerged around turn of sixteenth century denote painting primary subject matter natural scenery. land (a word germanic origin) may taken in sense of people belong (as in england being land of english). suffix ‑scape equivalent more common english suffix ‑ship. roots of ‑ship etymologically akin old english sceppan or scyppan, meaning shape. suffix ‑schaft related verb schaffen, ‑ship , shape etymologically linked. modern form of word, connotations of scenery, appeared in late sixteenth century when term landschap introduced dutch painters used refer paintings of inland natural or rural scenery. word landscape, first recorded in 1598, borrowed dutch painters term. popular conception of landscape reflected in dictionaries conveys both particular , general meaning, particular referring area of earth s surface , general being can seen observer. example of second usage can found 1662 in book of common prayer:





could climb moses stood,
and view landscape over.

(general hymns, verse 536).

kukle,czech republic.








there several words associated word landscape:



scenery: natural features of landscape considered in terms of appearance, esp. when picturesque: spectacular views of mountain scenery.
setting: in works of narrative (especially fictional), includes historical moment in time , geographic location in story takes place, , helps initiate main backdrop , mood story.
picturesque: word literally means in manner of picture; fit made picture , , used 1703 (oxford english dictionary), , derived italian term pittoresco, in manner of painter . gilpin’s essay on prints (1768) defined picturesque term expressive of peculiar kind of beauty, agreeable in picture (p. xii).
a view: sight or prospect of landscape or extended scene; extent or area covered eye 1 point (oed).
wilderness: uncultivated, uninhabited, , inhospitable region. see natural landscape.
cityscape (also townscape): urban equivalent of landscape. in visual arts cityscape (urban landscape) artistic representation, such painting, drawing, print or photograph, of physical aspects of city or urban area.
seascape: photograph, painting, or other work of art depicts sea, in other words example of marine art.




^ cite error: named reference new oxford american dictionary invoked never defined (see page).
^ olwig k.r., recovering substantive nature of landscape, annals of a.a.g(1996),86,4,630-653
^ olwig k.r., representation , alienation in political landscape, cultural geographies (2005)12,19-40
^ makhzoumi j. , pungetti g., ecological landscape design , planning, spon routledge,(1999)
^ found via google ngram
^ obstfeld, 2002, p. 1, 65, 115, 171.






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