Palestine Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein

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he joined djemal pasha s army in palestine military engineer , later chief of staff. djemal pasha given job turkish leader enver pasha of capturing or disabling suez canal. effort called first suez offensive , occurred in january 1915. kress von kressenstein responsible creating special boats crossing canal (pontoons) organizing crossing of sinai desert. while desert crossed little loss of life, british aware of approach , attack on suez came no surprise defenders. turkish forces repulsed , after 2 days of fighting, retreated. kress von kressenstein s special pontoons never used.


more year passed when turks tried second attack on suez. djemal pasha directing affairs base in damascus, kress von kressenstein led larger ottoman army across sinai desert, again. attack ran strong british defensive fortification @ romani, 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of canal. ottoman army prepared major set-piece assault on romani, scheduled 3 august 1916 (see battle of romani detailed description). attack beaten off , again turks retreated bases in palestine.


the british responded attack of own. captured small turkish forts in sinai, built railroad , water pipe across desert , launched assault on ottoman fort @ gaza. kress von kressenstein in charge of ottoman defences along ottoman general tala bey. in first battle of gaza (march 1917), british defeated, largely due own errors. in second battle of gaza in april 1917, british defeated again, credit victory largely going kress von kressenstein.


the british removed unsuccessful generals , replaced them general allenby. ottomans replaced top leadership, bringing in former chief of german general staff, general von falkenhayn. kress von kressenstein kept on commander of turkish 8th army defending gaza , awarded prussia s highest order, pour le mérite.


in november 1917, british under general allenby breached ottoman defensive positions @ battle of beersheba , third battle of gaza. kreß von kressenstein able withdraw defeated troops in order new defensive positions in north.







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