Positions/policies Hizb ut-Tahrir




1 positions/policies

1.1 khilafah/caliphate , islam

1.1.1 islamic lands
1.1.2 jihad
1.1.3 shariah


1.2 women
1.3 capitalism, democracy, freedoms, compromise
1.4 non-muslims , west
1.5 zionism

1.5.1 charges of anti-semitism


1.6 violence





positions/policies

the party has been described being centralised in leadership , strategy, ideology based on writings of (deceased) founder al-nabhani since party s founding , unlikely change. party claims ideology , method of work has been meticulously thought out , published in many detailed books. prospective ht members study core books of ht in preparation being accepted members. (hizb ut-tahrir websites, speeches, etc. detail party positions.)


critics have pointed out differences between party texts , public statements , accused ht of varying message suit different audiences , or of attempting soften public image (by deleting pamphlets website , other means), defensive reaction increased scrutiny, while leaving original strategy/ideology untouched. ht claims there lot of ... propaganda , disinformation party , caliphate being spread enemies demonise ht.



draft constitution

the ht draft constitution or proposed constitution contains many party positions, has been described 1 party leader (jalaluddin patel), sum of work , research party has done in field , based on ijtihad , interpretations of islamic texts , traditions, schools of fiqh , individual scholars, (including shi a) , consultation various islamic groups around world . patel told jamestown if future caliph not member of ht, party offer constitution him working document can accept, amend or indeed reject in favor of own opinion , ijtihad (interpretation) .


khilafah/caliphate , islam

caliphate

hizb ut-tahrir texts , websites holds re-establishing khilafah state or caliphate sharia law, has been decreed god important obligation of muslims, punished if neglect it. without caliphate , true sharia law, muslims have been living in state of jahiliyya (pre-islamic ignorance). not single country or state has escaped jahilayya , dar al-kufr (unbelief), including ones consider islamic states, such kingdom of saudi arabia , islamic republic of iran. these , other muslim-majority states , polities—kurds, turks, iran, saudi arabia, etc. -- serve agents of non-muslim power (usually of united states), , anti-american rhetoric/policies or fighting amongst each other nothwithstanding, working harmoniously within policy .


one ht website (ht britain) states caliphate dominated 95% of islamic history stable, independent, accountable , representative state , , party goals of unifying islamic countries single islamic state sharia law strictly applied have strong support in muslim world. caliphate bring stability, party argues, providing political system accountable , ruler legitimized virtue of elected representation; returning muslim world islamic practice , traditional readings of islamic values , history; , because institution able provide credible leadership on islamic issues , muslims .


the ruler of caliphate, caliph (or khaleefah), should elected, not chosen through blood lines or imposed on muslims, according hizb ut-tahrir draft constitution, , should given pledge of loyalty (ba’iah) muslim community following election. muslim community have no right dismiss him after has legitimately attained ba’iah of contracting.


ht sources (an ht information pack issued british media ht britain circa 2010 (no longer available on ht website copied site), , ht britain magazine new civilisation) describe ruler of proposed caliphate elected , accountable ruler , servant masses, governing them justice , legitimate through popular consent can removed @ demand of people through independent judiciary of caliphate, , judicial opinion on adopting law not prevent further debate , amendment. along independent judiciary, political parties , elected representative of majlis al-umma ( council of muslim community , decisions binding on caliph according nabhani s book, nethaam al-huqm fil-islam) caliph rules state uniquely representative provide rule of law , equal rights minority groups , , bears no resemblance totalitarian state , criticism notwithstanding.


but critics complain ht draft constitution describes caliph state . constitution states caliph possesses powers , function of state ... appointing , dismissing governors , assistants of provinces of caliphate, directors of departments, heads of armed forces , generals, chief judge , judges, responsible khaleefah [caliph] , not majlis al-ummah (according article 35e of constitution). founder an-nabhani, in book system of islam, notes shura (consultative) body of caliphate (the majlis al-ummah), seeking opinion , not ruling , if caliph neglects majlis negligent, ruling system still remain islamic. because shura (consultation) in islam . contrary parliamentary system in democracy.


there no limitation on khaleefah’s period in office, long abides sharia’ . critics (houriya ahmed , hannah stuart of centre social cohesion) complain non-muslims living caliphate not included among giving popular consent nor able serve in government, while judges ruling on recall attempt of caliph appointed him or judge (the supreme judge) appointed caliph. regarding debate , amendment of legal rulings of caliph, articles 3 , 35a of proposed constitution stipulate must obeyed. 1 issue not open popular consent or differing opinion (according ht doctrine) seceding caliphate. preventing dismemberment of country body of khilafah imperative, if leads several years of fighting , ... killing of millions of muslims (according second amir of party).


islamic lands

islamic lands make ht caliphate include not muslim-majority countries include muslim-majority regions—such southern central asia (in china); caucasus, , kazan (in russia), though have been part of non-muslim countries many years; , states/regions have had non-muslim majority population many years—such northern india, east timor, southern spain, sicily, crimea, serbia, croatia, greece, romania, bulgaria, myanmar , philippines—that once ‘ruled muslims under authority of islam’.


ht founder an-nabhani, explains while believe country population of non-muslims , spain, not islamic country; ... conclusion false. ... because country deemed islamic if once ruled islam or if majority of population of muslims. spain indeed islamic country .



expansion non-muslim lands

hizb ut-tahrir sees caliphate replacing not muslim states western non-muslim ones, whether calls violence achieve disputed. ht information pack britain media states suggestion hizb ut-tahrir permitted engage in armed struggle when caliphate re-emerges, absolutely false , michael whine quotes ht founder an-nabhani urging muslims follow example of original islamic empire attacking , conquering adjacent territory of persia , byzantine empire, noting ummah today; numbering more 1 billion, ... undoubtedly constitute front stronger in every respect leading superpowers put . ht text (the ummah’s charter, quoted ahmed , stuart), states caliphate must rise declare jihad against kuffar without lenience or hesitation, , ht pamphlet (quoted dave rich) predicts, “in forthcoming days muslims conquer rome , dominion of ummah of muhammad (peace , blessings upon him , family) reach whole world , rule of muslims reach far day , night. , dīn of muhammad (saw) prevail on other ways of life including western capitalism , culture of western liberalism”.



criticism

among criticisms of ht s vision of caliphate historical inaccuracy , danger of violence involved in re-establishing caliphate:



the historical abbasid , ottoman caliphates ignored or opposed 5 of civilizations [ht] seemed think had governed . (legal historian sadakat kadri)
eras of great islamic cultural achievement occurred not under rulers strictly applied sharia, under open-minded rulers whom group consider heretical: mu talite caliphs , shi sultans of ninth , tenth-century baghdad, example , eclectic emperors emerged out of anatolia, persia, , central asia after mongol invasions. (sadakat kadri)
during heyday society of abbasid caliphate, thrived on multiculturalism, science, innovation, learning , culture , not strict enforcement of sharia, , had famous free thinkers (al-maʿarri) , irreverent, impious poets (namely abu nuwas). (journalist khaled diab)
that rather being protected , purified caliphate, religion of islam throughout muslim history has operated alternative, in tension caliphate: repository of ideals of justice , equity, , purpose speak truth vainglory of institutions of power. (ziauddin sardar)
how security, safety , peace in muslim world come through forceful removal of current muslim governments in creation of unified caliphate state, in light of abdul qadeem zallum s statement in party text if necessary millions of muslims , non-muslims killed ?


defence

responsibility defense in hizb ut-tahrir s constitutional vision of caliphate go amir al-jihad supervisor , director of 4 governmental departments comprising army, police, equipment, tasks, armament supplies , internal security, foreign affairs, , industry ( factories of whatever type should established on basis of military policy ). amir al-jihad not serve commander-in-chief, who, along immediate subordinates, appointed caliph. conscription compulsory male muslims 15 , on in proposed state in readiness jihad.



economy

the draft constitution details economic system allows private enterprise, requires state should provide employment , basic needs citizens. provide state draw permanent sources of income special taxes on non-muslims: spoils or fei` (spoils of jihad when non-muslim enemy has surrendered or fled), jizyah (a poll tax on non-muslims), kharaj (land conquered non-muslims in jihad). includes tax of one/fifth of discovered buried treasure (rikaaz) , zakaah (annual islamic charitable donation of 2.5% of muslim s total savings , wealth excluding minimum amount) , other taxes if necessary.


the constitution reserves public ownership of utilities, public transport, health care, energy resources such oil, , unused farm land. constitutionally forbidden activities include: squandering, extravagance , miserliness , capitalist companies, co-operatives , usury (riba), fraud, monopolies, gambling , , leasing of land agriculture, , failure of land owner use land, (such leaving land fallow more 3 years). monetary policy constitution calls use of gold standard, , gold , silver coinage.


outsider observers have called ht s economic proposals vague (international crisis group), or lacking in coherence (ahmed & stuart, zeyno baran). former ht uk leader jalaluddin patel defends it, writing islamic economic system comes creator , has better insight human condition humans.


jihad

ht texts define jihad war undertaken sake of allah (swt) raise high (swt) word , requiring army (institutions of state in khilafah). declare necessity of jihad da wah carried mankind , bring them khilafah state, , importance of declaring jihad against kuffar without lenience or hesitation; (ummah s charter), need fight unbelievers refuse ruled islam, if pay tribute (the islamic personality).


on other hand, public statements hizb ut-tahrir deny hizb ut-tahrir permitted engage in armed struggle when caliphate re-emerges, ... party not waiting order begin `armed struggle` .


other ht texts differ on whether jihad nature offensive rather defensive (supported in inevitability of clash of civilisations), or encompasses both defensive , offensive war (supported on different page of inevitability of clash of civilisations). statements conflict whether offensive jihad must wait caliphate established (as head of ht britain, jalaluddin patel, told interviewer in 2004), or requires amir lead muslims (hizb ut-tahrir pamphlet). party support defensive jihad in iraq , afghanistan against american occupation—defensive jihad not requiring appropriate political , military capabilities of islamic state, need not wait either caliph or amir.


shariah

along establishment of islamic state, hizb ut-tahrir s other main principle/objective enforcement of shariah law regulate aspects of human life— politics, economics, sciences, , ethics. law based upon fair interpretations of qur an, sunnah, consensus of companions (ijma al-sahaba), , legitimate analogies (qiyas) drawn 3 sources. islamic state not adopt particular madhhab (school of fiqh)..) according forum 18 news service, told ht representative true muslims adhere 1 of 4 sunni madhhabs, , depart 4 considered apostates , liable punishment according islamic law.


regarding traditional hudud penal code, ht text concepts of hizb ut-tahrir describes abandonment part of misinterpreted islamic rules adapt them contemporary life started in late 19th century. in ht video on how muslims should answer criticism of harsh punishments of hudood, ht member taji mustafa argues chopping off hands , fee huge deterrent crime. ht texts state adultery should punished stoning , pre-marital sex lashing, apostasy islam death. brigandage , murder punished execution, crucifixion or amputation. (use of punishments of ‘chopping off’ of hands theft , stoning death adultery, become law in ht caliphate confirmed in 2009 interview of tayyib muqeem, ht leader.)


non-muslim subject same laws , in addition subject special taxes—the poll tax of jizya , land tax of kharaj. men , women segregated in public except when absolutely necessary according ht draft constitution. women s body may not revealed, apart face , hands . (this reaffirmed ht leader tayyib muqeem in 2009 interview -- `every woman have cover up.’) (see below regulations non-muslims , women)


one of benefits of caliphate in court system, (according founder an-nabhani) there has never been 1 case ... settled according other islamic shari’ah rules (this disputed historians.)


unlike many court systems caliphate have no courts of appeal or cessation. ‘if judge pronounced sentence, become binding, , sentence of judge not under circumstances reverse it.’ (however, if circumstantial evidence changed, judge reverse decision.)



punishment apostasy

in ht draft constitution, article 7 declares muslims have renounced islam... guilty of apostasy (ridda) islam executed. @ least 1 ht text (how khilafah destroyed written abdul qadeem zallum, ht global leader 1977 2003) emphasizes importance of rule of shariah calling killing of apostates islam (those have left islam). abdul qadeem zallum warns abolition of caliphate in 1924 mustafa kemal atatürk consequence of wayward muslims atatürk no longer feeling fear might killed (since according ht ending caliphate act of apostacy). prevent happening again, imperative put issue in rightful place , consider vital issue, killing every apostate if numbered millions.


one recent case of alleged apostacy ht has commented on may 2014 sentence of 1 meriam ibrahima 1 hundred lashes followed death hanging issued sudanese sharia court ibrahima s alleged fornication , renunciation of islam. (ibrahima had been raised christian , married christian absent father muslim court ruled marriage act of fornication , apostacy.)


after several western governments, condemned sentence, hizb ut-tahrir issued statement affirming ‘the ruling of legislator, allah almighty, apostasy death’ , muslim should not ‘seek satisfaction of hostile kaffir west upon descent of shar’i provision.’



criticism

critics (sardar, kadri, ahmed & stuart) complain particular sharia advocated ht contravene standards , values of universal human rights , , formulated in ninth century , frozen in history. inherently violent towards women, minorities , criminals, has never been willingly accepted muslims had forcibly imposed authoritarian regimes . (while support sharia strong in muslim world, agreement on constitutes sharia less so.)


women

the ht draft constitution states primary role of woman of mother , wife. honour ( ird) must protected. declares women have same rights , obligations men, except specified shar’i evidences him or her. these limitations include not being able hold ruling positions such caliph, chief justice, provincial governor, or mayor; being required cover body (except face , hands) in public; not being able travel without male mahram disobey husband, or marry non-muslim. according ht founder an-nabhani, husband performs work undertaken outside of house. woman performs actions undertaken inside house best of ability. segregation of genders fundamental in ht constitution, , men , women should not meet in private @ all, or in public except in special shariah-approved activities such trading or making hajj pilgrimage. ht supports right of men marry (what west considers) underaged females, although not vice versa.


hizb ut-tahrir forthrightly advocates women s (i.e. muslim women s) suffrage or right vote, right of muslim women choose (muslim) partner freely, right seek employment, serve in military, have custody of children after divorce if not muslim, , run in elections (for positions not involve ruling on men).


while opponents may consider unequal status, hizb ut-tahrir maintains:



women in khilafah not regarded inferior or second class citizens. islam gave women right wealth, property rights, rights on marriage , divorce place in society. islamists established public dress code women – khimar , jilbab promotes women cover part of known attire of dress code muslim women based on recognised sunni sources .



in australia, ht generated attention in defense of right of 26-year-old man marry 12-year-old girl in ‘islamic ceremony’ outside of australian law (but girl s father s blessing), declaring australian law, not basis moral judgments. being illegal according western law not make immoral .


ht sources differ on whether dress women not matter of choice. @ htb’s 2003 annual conference, htb member warned audience:



inevitably western attitudes beginning affect muslim thinking. muslim women wear headscarf matter of choice. ... islamic woman wore headscarf in obedience creator whether creator gave reasons or not.



however, 3 years later, ht britain signed statement in support of woman’s right wear veil human , religious right .)


in organization itself, women thought comprise 10% of ht’s membership, playing active role in intellectual , political work such conferences held uk women’s section of ht, , following dress code of jilbab (a loose dress), khimar (headscarf) , socks, similar has been compared uniform-like style .


capitalism, democracy, freedoms, compromise

capitalism

capitalism defined ht political system of democracy , freedom (a definition many critics of ht, leftists, regard risible), not economic system based on private ownership, , condemned party. freedom of ownership 1 of capitalism s freedoms, along freedom of belief , opinion , personal freedom . capitalism based on idea of separation of religion life , , supported pillars of democracy, pluralism (the recognition , affirmation of diversity , peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions , lifestyles), human rights , free market policies . facet of capitalism opposed party western concept of compromise —an example of unislamic nature proposed compromise solution of allowing both jews , muslims have state in palestine. critics complain ht has invoked freedom of speech, tolerance, ... human rights , democracy when under threat of proscription in 2005. (like other islamist groups, ht texts describe islam alternative economic system both capitalism , communism , superior both.)



democracy

hizb ut-tahrir draws distinction between giving authority people in government (which islamic) , giving sovereignty people (the essence of democracy , unislamic). because western democracy gives not authority sovereignty people, flawed —a kufr system violates sharia, controlled large corporations , largely indifferent needs of ordinary citizens . democracy may lead moral laxity , sexual deviancy ... such abnormal , strange sexual practices homosexuality , bestality.


since whoever not rule whatever allah has revealed, denying allah’s right legislate kafir (unbeliever), self-identified muslims believe in democracy unbelievers—including former turkish prime minister necmettin erbakan, thrown in hell fire apostasy , deviation deen of allah (according 1 ht pamphlet). 1 revivalist muslim opponent of ht position on boycotting elections in western democracies, (mir amir ali) argued numerous muslim revivalist organizations had “decided in best interests of muslims in america , muslims worldwide participate in politics without creating political party , after seeking “guidance renowned islamic scholars on world”.



rights or freedoms

regarding other aspects of capitalism condemned ht -- pluralism , human rights , , freedoms of belief, expression, ownership, , personal freedom—the 1996 ht work, american campaign suppress islam, argues while many muslims attracted slogan of human rights ... because of oppression, torture, , persecution suffer rulers , these rights based on capitalist ideology s view of nature of man inherently , when in fact man when obeys god s law , bad when not.


muslims claim freedom of belief not contradict islam among trumpets of kuffar (unbelievers). warns muslim calls human rights either sinner [fajir] (if not realise contradiction between human rights , islam), or kafir [unbeliever] (if believe in human rights idea emanating detachment of deen life. (muslims have renounced islam... guilty of apostasy (ridda) islam executed according article 7 of ht draft constitution.)


reassuringly, american-based academic david commins writes that, within well-recognized bounds, muslim enjoys freedom under ht s hypothetical caliphate. ht constitution include rights such assumption of innocence until proven guilty, due process, ban on torture. should caliphate violate citizens rights, however, critics note citizens have no right rebel, because shariah law (according ht text ummah’s charter) has urged obedience assume authority on muslims, whatever injustice committed , violated people’s rights.



pluralism

also opposed pluralism, , idea of multiple overlapping identities (such being `british muslim’), example of kufr (unbelief). in political actions ht works purify islamic community effect of kufr thoughts , opinions . ht has distributed pamphlets @ mosques in britain urging muslims not vote in elections example (to disapproval of other british muslim organizations). in pamphlet titled ‘an open letter muslims in britain regarding dangerous call of integration’, warns integration western society , secularism way keep islam away lives such nothing remains of spiritualistic rituals conducted in places of worship , few pages in books of history .


non-muslims , west

non-muslims

regarding non-muslims living under islam, british ht media information pack describes position matter of public record , , follow teachings of muslims scholars call muslims take care of [non-muslim] weak, fulfil needs of poor, feed hungry, provide clothes, address them politely , tolerate harm muslims. states non-muslims under muslim rule thirteen centuries enjoyed equal rights, prosperity, happiness, tranquillity , security.


according media spokesperson hizb ut-tahrir uk , member of executive committee, taji mustafa,



rights of jews , other non-muslims enshrined within statuary islamic law (sharia). these laid down prophet muhammad when established first islamic state in medina in 7th century. said, whoever harms dhimmi (non-muslim citizen has agreed pay jizya tax , submit second-class citizen) has harmed me.



however, hizb ut-tahrir draft constitution unified islamic state, forbids non-muslims living in state serve in of ruling offices, such position of caliph, or vote these officials. muslims have right participate in election of khaleefah [head of state] , in giving him pledge (ba’iah). non-muslims have no right in regard. non-muslims may voice complaints in respect unjust acts performed rulers or misapplication of islam upon them.


non-muslim subject same laws , in addition subject special taxes—the poll tax of jizya , land tax of kharaj. ht founder an-nabhani explains taxes on non-muslims in caliphate right allah enabled muslims take kuffar [disbelievers] submission part rule of islam.



jizya taken kuffar long remain in kufr [unbelief]; if embrace islam waived them. ... kharaj ... right imposed on neck of land has been conquered kuffar way of war or way of peaceful agreement, provided peace agreement stipulates land ours (i.e. belonging muslims) ... each land conquered kuffar after declaring war against them considered kharaji [land subject kharaj] land, , if embraced islam after conquest, land remains kharaji.



in regards foreign policy, draft constitution states while permitted conclude neighbouring, economic, commercial, financial, cultural , armistice treaties, state forbidden belong organisation based on other islam or applies non-islamic rules. (it goes on specify united nations, international court of justice, international monetary fund , world bank, , regional organisations arab league. )


concerning relations non-muslim states following establishment of caliphate, 1 source (ht representatives talking forum 18 news service) stated non-muslim states given choice between either joining caliphate under sharia law, or paying tax , failure pay tax punished military attacks.


however 2 other ht sources less leniency, requiring submission islamic rule. one, (known muqadimmat ul-dustur aw asbab ul-muwajjabbat lah or introduction constitution or causes of obligation ,) noted in dar al-harb ( house of war , i.e. outside of ht islamic state/caliphate) considered belligerent in government (muharibeen hukman) , if have treaty them or there no actual hostilities (qital) them. dar al-islam has treaty considered belligerent (muharibeen, lit. warring people) because infidels (kuffar) , not submit authority of islam”—a position quilliam foundations questions in title islamism peace or declare war on . work (the islamic personality, vol. 2,) says concerning non-muslim states, …[i]f accepted pay jizyah refused ruled islam, not allowed accept them because cause of fighting – disbelievers have refused accept da’wah – remains standing fighting them remains obligatory…


in section of english language section of official website (as of 9 february 2016), ht lists exposing plans , conspiracies of kuffar [unbelievers] , 1 of 4 actions undertakes . researchers (such david zeidan) have noted how ht founder nabhani emphasised (what believed) hatred of west towards islam, european colonialism (he believed) continuation of crusades:



sheikh nabhani considered western animosity islam constant ever since crusades. [this animosity] fueled wish revenge , manifests in ‘oppression, humiliation, colonization , exploitation. ...’ modern europe engaged in cultural crusade against islam. . . . orientalists , christian clergy continue support anti-islamic activities in world, conspiring against islam, slandering history, , degrading muhammad , companions.




the west

western capitalistic states, led united states, “most vicious enemies” of islam according ht. hizb ut-tahrir sees western influence cause of stagnation in muslim world, reason failure re-establish caliphate far, , in need of being attacked , uprooted. australian ht media pack describes western governments major obstacle positive change in muslim world . founder nabhani has been described (by david commins) preaching british plots in particular , western imperialist conspiracies in general pervade modern history of muslim world , explain main lines of political evolution. in book, system of islam, studied hizb ut-tahrir members, nabhani states:



if not influence of deceptive western culture , oppression of agents vanish, return domain of islam in ideology , system quicker blink of eye.



according same book, muslim world fell behind west, (or other non-muslim societies) not because has failed borrow political, cultural or social concepts these civilizations had offer, because did:



muslim stagnation commenced day abandoned adherence islam , ... allowed foreign culture enter lands , western concepts occupy minds.



western intellectual , cultural influence political , economic influence must uprooted muslim community. according late ht global emir abdul qadeem zallum, fierce struggle between islamic thoughts , kufr thoughts, ... continue ... – bloody struggle alongside intellectual struggle – until hour comes , allah (swt) inherits earth , on it. why kufr enemy of islam, , why kuffar enemies of muslims long there islam , kufr in world,...


according ht work dangerous concepts, among tools used kufr nations finish off islam destroying aqeedah (creed) political aqeedah such activities inter-faith , intercultural dialogues, , viewpoint both arab , jewish races sons of abraham.


regarding activity of hizb ut-tahrir in western countries, ht texts emphasize necessity of muslims choosing between islamic identity , western one. british ht media information pack states opposes assimilation in western countries muslims isolation . party claims works cultivate muslim community ... adher[s] rules of islam , preserv[es] strong islamic identity ; project positive image of islam , engages in dialogue western thinkers, policymakers , academics , not work ... change system of government . however, ht founder an-nabhani writing in book islamic personality, vol. 2, stresses need fight kufr extends muslims living outside land of islam (dar al-islam). in land ruled kufr disbelievers reside , muslim obliged ... fight people until become muslims or pay jizyah , ruled islam. in fact, unless not able manifest deen [i.e. religion] , perform requested shar’a rules , muslim forbidden leave dar al-kufr (land of unbelief) , return dar al-islam, fleeing jihad. critics (ahmed & stuart) complain amounts call western muslims “fight” country’s (non-muslim) “people”, , demonstrates internal contradiction between ht’s avowed “nonviolent” political ideology , plans subversion , violent jihad expand proposed caliphate non-muslim lands.


although in public pronouncements party has criticised 9/11 , 7/7 terror attacks, has declared war on terrorism not overreach or arrogant disregard muslim lives, disguise ruthless campaign against islam , muslims .



the real motive waging “war against terrorism” not counter terrorism. real motive establish , strengthen hegemony , influence on islamic lands, people, , resources in order repress semblance of islamic political resurgence.




united states

the head of kufr (unbelief) united states , international domination danger world khilafah can save” from, according ht statements.


attacks on muslims, whether arrest , torture in uzbekistan, executions in china, or attacks hindu mobs in india, orchestrated , sanctioned head of kufr, america . although has agents in power throughout muslim world, using capitalism (i.e. democracy, pluralism, human rights , free market policies ), suppress islam , fears revival of islam , return of khilafah state , destroy influence , interests not on muslim world on whole globe.


more religious leader of ht, imam ismat al-hammouri, called destruction of america, france, britain, , rome, in 2013 sermon.


one observer (zeyno baran) has argued statements president george w. bush (the war on terrorism crusade , “you either or against us”)) , @ least 1 military leader (u.s. army lt. general jerry boykin: “i knew god bigger [osama bin laden’s]),) , actions such civilian deaths in war in iraq, have alarmed many muslims , played ht message.


zionism

hizb ut-tahrir (which founded in palestine palestinians) opposes zionism , existence of state of israel, or compromise or peaceful relations state. according scholar david commins, liberation of palestine israel original primary concern of hizb ut-tahrir, project of setting unitary islamic state revive true islamic order throughout muslim world coming later. according scholar suha taji-farouki, while in theory issue of israel , jews remains peripheral [ht s] main efforts, party has consistently addressed throughout career .


in 1990s, ata abu rashta, (ht’s current global leader , former spokesman), proclaimed peaceful relations jews or settling part of palestine (such post 1967 territory of west bank , gaza) prohibited islamic law . none of jews in palestine arrived after destruction of ottoman empire have right remain there. islamic legal rule requires of whom capable of fighting killed until none survive . later statements ht spokespersons emphasize importance of islamic control of every bit of palestine (taji mustafa in 2008) , rejecting negotiation in favor of military jihad (imran wahid, january 2009)


another source describes ht supporting destruction of israel , seeing job of caliphate, must founded first take place.


hizb ut-tahrir has used term 1 state solution israel/palestine dispute ( palestine – why 1 state solution work ). refers not binational solution (usually thought of in context), 1 state united palestinian state no official/state religion , equal rights religions, rather proposed ht islamic state/caliphate include palestine , everyone, muslims , non-muslims alike, follow statutory shariah islamic law.


charges of anti-semitism

among more high-profile charges of antisemitism against ht include 1994 call british mp prosecuted anti-semitism (among other charges); guilty verdict of ht spokesman in denmark distributing racist propaganda (which included quote quran: , kill them wherever find them, , turn them out have turned out, followed passage stating: jews people of slander... treacherous people ); banning public activity in germany in 2003 german interior minister otto schily called spreading violence , hate , calling killing of jews; no platform order against group british national union of students in 2004 (what nus called) spreading antisemitic propaganda; , dismissal of ht member , trainee journalist guardian, in part because of statements discovered on party s website (which stated among other things jews people of slander ... treacherous people ... fabricate lies , twist words right places ).


ht in return states reject decisively charge arises opposition ht s anti-zionism, , rejects decisively . , ludicrous since there blood relation between jews , arabs .


accusers cite number of ht statements innate (negative) characteristics of jews , need , duty of muslims eradicate them. in 2000 article entitled muslim ummah never submit jews , hizb ut-tahrir lamented saw innate behavior of jews:



... in origin, no 1 likes jews except jews. each other.... american people not jews nor europeans, because jews nature not else. rather @ other people wild animals have tamed serve them. so, how can imagine being possible arab or muslim jews character such?... know jews , usurping state in palestine will, , mercy of allah, destroyed until stones , trees say: o muslim, o slave of allah. here jew behind me, come , kill him.



(this or part of statement found on 2001 statement later removed hizb ut-tahrir website.)


a 2001 leaflet posted on ht website khilafa.com , since removed condemns arab , muslim rulers obstructing muslims obligation of eradication of jews .



o muslims: brothers in palestine calling you, , feel pain them. treacherous rulers stand in way of help. obstruct undertaking obligation allah has obliged upon you, jihaad , eradication of jews.



party members have been accused of publicly denying holocaust, calling “tool used jews justify own hegemony on muslims in palestine”. in 2003 interview forum 18 news service, uzbekistani ht member “expressed regret hitler had not succeeded in eliminating jews.” @ hizb ut-tahrir august 2007 annual conference in jakarta, indonesia, global head of hizb ut-tahrir, ata abu-rishta reported have whipped 100,000-strong crowd ... frenzy calling war on jews.


according ht critics, labelling muslims not adhere ht positions, jews not uncommon in ht. self-intentified muslims alleged jews party include mustafa kemal atatürk, (the founder of modern turkish state disbanded ottoman caliphate), , islam karimov, (the authoritarian ruler of uzbekistan has reportedly detained ht members without charge or trial lengthy periods, tortured , subject them unfair trials).


violence

hizb ut-tahrir has been described radical or revolutionary non-violent . party shares same political objectives radical islamist groups al-qaeda (according zeyno baran), , agrees such groups non-muslims waging war on islam , muslims, leaders of muslim countries apostates islam serve agents of western or other non-muslim powers, , must overthrown.


however, numerous sources describe ht in terms such never having been overtly involved in violent actions , , having long claimed wants achieve objectives through nonviolent means —the words of 1 unsympathetic source, globalsecurity.org. according global security u.s. government has found no clear ties between hizb ut-tahrir , terrorist activity, no involvement in or direct links recent acts of violence or terrorism , , no proof of financial support other groups engaged in terrorism.


among sources agreeing globalsecurity.org ht has never been overtly involved in violent actions, hazel blears, uk secretary of state communities , local government, stated in february 2009 ht ‘falls short of openly advocating violence or terrorism.’ in support of claim being non-violent group, (and against british government s proposed proscription of it), ht quotes oxford analytica, government ministers (bill rammell), 2 home office documents, ex-ambassadors (craig murray), international crisis group, pakistani journalist (ahmed rashid), academic (john schoeberlein), high court in pakistan (multan bench), un high commissioner human rights, , senior officers .


in public statements—such information pack british media—the party states has no history of violence or militancy anywhere in world. ... unlike western notions of political expediency, not believe ‘ends justify means’ ; proof of commitment number of members have been imprisoned, tortured , killed beliefs, resisted resorting violence; , party helps channel muslim anger , frustration on events in muslim world towards positive political work .


on other hand, opponents of party have suggested opposition violence conditional, superficial , , far complete. critics argue:



that hizb ut-tahrir teaches using violence against (what declares) enemies of islam righteous , justified, must follow declaration of jihad legitimate islamic authority (such caliphate);
that has urged , supported use of violence against non-muslims in circumstances (against israel, against in afghanistan, iraq, against hindus in kashmir);
and/or positions justifying violence have led violence , terrorism young muslims impatient return of caliphate.

according 2 scholars (emmanuel karagiannis , clark mccauley), ht s position on violence can describe either being “committed non-violence fifty years , or waiting fifty years right moment begin violent struggle.” (critics casting aspersions on ht s putative nonviolence include sadakat kadri, ex-party member hadiya masieh british national union of students, zeyno baran, , daily telegraph of australia.)



scriptural/doctrinal basis of non-violence

the british website of hizb ut-tahrir states party uses methods employed prophet muhammad [who] limited struggle establishment of islamic state intellectual , political work. established islamic state without resorting violence.


political scientist emmanuel karagiannis notes after establishment of islamic state in medina, violence resorted to. jihad can lawfully declared , violence , military force used (according party) once true islamic state established. karagiannis quotes ht: `when messenger of allah waged wars, not fought individual ... rather fought individuals belonged state. therefore, army army belonged state. globalsecurity.org, describes hizb ut-tahrir s position not being against violence such ... against use of violence now.


researchers houriya ahmed , hannah stuart quote ht critic (and former member of htb’s national executive committee maajid nawaz), saying ht differs other islamist jihadist groups in rather creating own army jihad, ht plans use pre-existing militaries . august 2008 ht conference in london ended presentation statistic islamic world has, 4.7 million armed personnel -- more usa, europe , india combined. (some (zeyno baran) have expressed skepticism of ht doctrine muslim governments overthrown non-violently create new caliphate, given government officials natural desire stay in power , out of prison (or firing squad), , force of arms @ disposal fight coup attempts. in late 1960s , 1970s, several unsuccessful military coups pro-ht factions attempted in countries in middle east, , @ least 1 involved fatalities.)


seven days after september 11, 2001 attacks hizb ut-tahrir issued statement rules of islamic prophet muhammad message forbids aggression against civilian non-combatants. forbid killing of children, elderly , non-combatant women in battlefield. forbid hijacking of civilian aeroplanes carrying innocent civilians , forbid destruction of homes , offices contain innocent civilians.


but 1988 ht pamphlet stated if plane belongs country @ war muslims, israel, allowed hijack , , june 2001 article in online arabic-language journal of party argued in detail suicide bombings justified in islamic law—at least against israelis -- long enemy unbeliever killed . (ht sources have disagreed on whether fight against non-muslims perceived attackers/occupiers in muslim majority lands should wait caliphate, or defensive jihad , need not. )


there instances of party calling violence against specific targets: karagiannis quotes ht pamphlet saying `the martyrdom operations taking place against [the jews] legitimate. whole of palestine battlefield whether parts usurped jews in 1948, or afterwards.`


in august 2006 speech ata abu-rishta, global leader of hizb ut-tahrir, called destruction of hindus living in kashmir, russians in chechnya , jews in israel.


in wake of 9/11 attacks when invaded afghanistan overthrow taliban, ht issued communique calling on armies in islamic ummah wage war against , uk in retaliation waging war on afghanistan . , 2008 ht press release called reluctance of pakistan prime minister yousaf raza gilani fight war america shameful , citing pakistan s possession of nuclear weapons, missiles technology , half million brave soldiers ready attain martyrdom islam .


hizb ut-tahrir states has been on public record on several occasions stating in our islamic opinion killing of innocent civilians such in london bombings of 7th july 2005 , attacks of september 11th 2001 forbidden , prohibited. british branch of hizb ut-tahrir among many muslim groups in britain condemned 7 july 2005 london bombings.


its spokesman did not condemn attacks however, , terrorism research centre complained initial response london 7/7 bombings urge british muslims strong in face of anticipated backlash , attack g-8 world leaders taking advantage of london attacks justify ‘war on terror. later statements asserted “american tyranny , arrogance has reached level led many believe way dent pride rub nose in sand”, , “u.s. , great britain declare war against islam , muslims”.



justifying terrorism , conveyor belt

the possibility of re-establishing islamic superstate notwithstanding, critic james brandon has called real significance of party increasingly important role in radicalizing , islamizing middle east, such spreading ideas such conflict between western democracies , islamists irresolvable , inevitable clash of civilizations, cultures , religions . other critics warn (they believe) party and/or provide justification instigation of terrorism (ahmed & stuart); paving way other, more militant groups take advantage of opening has made (zeyno baran). spreading radical islamist ideas millions of muslims through cyberspace, distribution of leaflets, , secret teaching centres (ariel cohen); , in each country’s native language (zeyno baran).


scholar taji-farouki writes according ht teachings jews , christians disbelievers have formed ‘united front against muslims, , engaged in permanent effort destroy islam . critics ahmed , stuart quote ht describing bombing of taliban , uk brutal war against ... defenceless muslims , , placing of groups islamic jihad, hamas, al-gama al-islamiyya in egypt (whose acts of resistance have killed numerous civilians)) on list of terrorist organisations . example of anti-muslim wrongdoing westerners.


others describe ht entry level islamism, or first part of conveyor belt (zeyno baran) young muslims initiates process leading graduation (shiv malik) violence. zeyno baran argues hizb ut-tahrir safeguards mission ideological , political training ground islamists avoiding violence, , acting within legal system of countries in operates . other organizations handle planning , execution of terrorist attacks.


baran argues members become impatience lack of success ht has had far in overthrowing governments , leave party create/join splinter groups less wedded idea attacks on enemies of islam must wait caliph. baran lists 4 groups involving former ht members, noted being omar bakri muhammad s group al-muhajiroun. bakri, muhajiroun and/or front groups desire turn uk islamist state, have praised 9/11 hijackers magnificent , , bin laden hero stands divine justice , freedom oppression , claim have recruited many young british muslims ‘military service’ jihad in afghanistan.


ht reject(s) charge of incit[ing] others commit violent acts , maintaining there many academics reject allegation . ht points out british government, in classified report, discounted conveyor belt theory, stating not believe accurate regard radicalisation in country linear conveyor belt moving grievance, through radicalisation, violence … thesis seems both misread radicalisation process , give undue weight ideological factors. (in reply conservative columnist andrew giligan writes: in fact, @ least 19 terrorists convicted in britain have had links al-muhajiroun, including omar khayam, sentenced life imprisonment leader of “fertiliser bomb” plot, , abdullah ahmed ali, ringleader of airliner “liquid bomb” plot, serving life. )


according michael whine, partial list of terrorists or accused terrorists ht members and/or influenced teachings includes:



in britain: faisal moustafa, shafihur rehman , iftikar sattar, in 1995 arrested , charged conspiring assassinate israeli ambassador, reported have been in possession of ht literature , have helped organize ht meetings in manchester. omar khan sharif , asif hanif, mike’s place suicide bombers, had contact ht before moving on more extreme organizations. mohammad babar, linked 7 men on trial in london on charges of planning terrorist attacks between january 2003 , april 2004, has stated member of ht while in college. imam ramee, american, spoke on behalf of ht while living in manchester, , featured speaker @ ht organized muslim unity action march against war in iraq on march 15, 2003. reportedly associate of abu hamza al-masri, , said have preached “shoe bomber” richard reid, along hanif , sharif, @ north london mosque in finsbury park.
in germany, ht leader shaker assem lectured 9/11 terrorists after 1 of plot leaders, ramzi bin al-shibh, facilitated introduction.
in russia, ht leaders alisher musayev , akram dzahalolov among 55 party members arrested in june 2003 possession of plastic explosives, grenades, tnt, , detonators. in august 2005, 9 members convicted of these offences , of incitement racial hatred.
in syria, assassins of syrian cleric muhammed amin yakan, after being reported mediating between government , banned muslim brotherhood gunned down in aleppo in december 1999, said have been ht members.
in egypt, salih sirriya—a palestinian ht member—led coup attempt in april 1974 along approximately 100 other members. together, stormed technical military academy in heliopolis, attacked armory. seized weapons , planned assassinate president sadat, apprehended after ensuing firefight killed eleven ht members , injured many others. sirriya tried, convicted , executed in november 1976.
in denmark, ht members compiled “hit list” of danish jewish community leaders, convicted , imprisoned in august 2002. in particular, ht leader fadi ahmad abdel latif convicted of incitement racial hatred.

journalist shiv malik notes



among al-qaeda leaders, abu musab al-zarqawi, (former leader of al-qaeda in iraq), , khalid sheikh mohammed (architect of 9/11 attacks), both former members of hizb ut-tahrir according intelligence sources.




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^ see also: matthew herbert, “the plasticity of islamist activist: notes counterterrorism literature,” studies in conflict , terrorism 32 (2009), 399.
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^ see dhimmi – non-muslims living in khilafah . 
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^ ‘egypt/uzbekistan “crooked” partners in “war against terrorism”’, hizb ut-tahrir britain press release, 4 july 2002. internet archive search reveals leaflet posted on khilafah.com. see web.archive.org/web/20050226075046/www.khilafah.com/ home/category.php?documentid=4511&tagid=3 [accessed 20.08.2009]
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^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:14
^ taji-farouki, suha (2003). islamists , threat of jihad: hizb al-tahrir , al-muhajiroun on israel , jews . in turner, bryan s. islam: islam , social movements, volume 4. london, new york: taylor & francis. p. 238. isbn 0-415-12351-8. retrieved 1 june 2016. 
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^ taji mustafa speaking @ al-quds day rally in london, 28 september 2008, http://www.inminds.com/qudsday2008.php video hosted in minds, available @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhezrlztgkg&feature=player_embedded [accessed 22.10.2009]
^ ‘hizb ut-tahrir britain (ht) promotes violent jihad’, centre social cohesion press release 18 april 2009, available @ http://www.socialcohesion.co.uk/files/1241628511_1
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^ ‘hizb ut-tahrir calls replacing israeli apartheid state khilafah’, hizb ut-tahrir britain press releases, 19 may 2008, available @ www.hizb.org.uk/hizb/press-centre/press-release/hundreds-attend-palestine-meeting-marking-60-years-ofoccupation-and-oppression.html [accessed 26.08.2009]
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^ mustafa, taji (9 july 2007). media information pack. cameron got wrong . retrieved 8 february 2016. 
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^ arab , muslim rulers betrayal of issue of palestine , people . khilafa.com. hizb ut-tahrir. 21 may 2001. archived original on 17 june 2001. retrieved 8 february 2016. 
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^ see http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/3182271.stm.
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^ ‘adopting secularism in government apostasy islam’, hizb ut-tahrir leaflet, 2 july 1996. internet archive search reveals leaflet posted on khilafah.com. see https://web.archive.org/web/20041109225357/http://www.khilafah.com/home/category.php?documentid=13&tagid=3 [accessed 31.08.2009]. leaflet uploaded on ht pakistan’s website, available @ http://www.hizb-pakistan.org/home/leaflets/leaflets-international/adopting-secularism-in-government-is-apostasyfrom-islam [accessed 31.08.2009]
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^ cite error: named reference hrw-2004 invoked never defined (see page).
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^ mccauley, clark; karagiannis, emmanuel (2009). hizb ut-tahrir al-islami: challenge of non-violent radical islam . national consortium study of terrorism , responses terrorism. retrieved 6 march 2016. 
^ emmanuel karagiannis , clark mccauley, “hizb ut-tahrir al-islami: evaluating threat posed radical islamic group remains nonviolent,” terrorism , political violence 18 (2006), 328.
^ ahmed & stuart, hizb ut-tahrir, 2009: p.7
^ challenge of hizb ut-tahrir, 2004: p.58
^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:11
^ ahmed & stuart, hizb ut-tahrir, 2009: p.23-4
^ source: ‘adopting secularism in government apostasy islam’, hizb ut-tahrir leaflet, 2 july 1996.
^ see https://web.archive.org/web/20041109225357/http://www.khilafah.com/home/category.php?documentid=13&tagid=3 [accessed 31.08.2009].
^ al-qaeda manual (pdf). department of justice. retrieved 4 april 2016. 
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^ blears, hazel (25 february 2009). many voices: understanding debate preventing violent extremism (pdf). lse.ac.uk. retrieved 24 february 2016. 
^ ht britain, hizb ut-tahrir media information pack, circa 2010: p.5-6
^ media information pack. hizb ut-tahrir , violence . 9 july 2007. retrieved 8 february 2016. 
^ ht britain, hizb ut-tahrir media information pack, circa 2010: p.2-3
^ ht britain, hizb ut-tahrir media information pack, circa 2010: p.4
^ ahmed & stuart, hizb ut-tahrir, 2009: p.153-56
^ kadri, sadakat (2012). heaven on earth: journey through shari law deserts of ancient arabia .. macmillan. pp. 274–5. isbn 9780099523277. 
^ manzoor, sarfraz (3 july 2010). hadiya masieh: how 7 july bombings made me question beliefs . observer. retrieved 25 march 2016. 
^ stealth islamists recruit students times online
^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:11
^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:1
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^ karagiannis, emmanuel (2010). political islam in central asia: challenge of hizb ut-tahrir. routledge. p. 112. retrieved 14 january 2016. hizb ut-tahrir s point of view, justification of non-violence lies in sacred example of prophet muhammad, did not use physical force establish first islamic state, rather criticized pagan leaders of mecca , gathered followers around him. moreover, group claims verses jihad came after islamic state established in medina , not before that. according hizbut-tahrir, `when messenger of allah waged wars, not fought individuals ... rather fought individuals belonged state. therefore, army army belonged state.  
^ john pike. hizb ut-tahrir al-islami (islamic party of liberation) . retrieved 8 february 2015. 
^ ahmed & stuart, hizb ut-tahrir, 2009: p.46
^ nawaz, maajid (3 march 2015). education of jihadi john . new york times. retrieved 16 february 2016. unlike al qaeda, hizb-ut-tahrir argues military coups, not terrorism, achieve power. 
^ kadri, heaven on earth, 2012: p.275
^ thousands protest in london, calling on armies defend gaza . hizb ut-tahrir central media office. 11 january 2009. retrieved 1 march 2016. 
^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:22
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^ sageman, marc, understanding terror networks marc sageman, university of pennsylvania press, 2004, p.28
^ wojciech grabowski hizb ut tahrir – between violence , politics, pp.7
^ pp. 9 archived 25 september 2005 @ wayback machine.
^ karagiannis, emmanuel (2010). political islam in central asia: challenge of hizb ut-tahrir. routledge. p. 113. retrieved 8 february 2016. 
^ karagiannis, political islam in central asia , 2010: p.113
^ “martyrdom operations,” al waie, vol. 15. issue 170 (june 2001), (though no longer) available @ http://www.al-waie.org/home/issue/170w0doc.zip
^ whine, hizb ut-tahrir changing strategy or tactics?, circa 2006: p.6
^ mackinnon, mark (22 august 2007). growing muslim movement offers alternative hamas . globe , mail. retrieved 14 january 2016. 
^ khadduri, majid (1955). 5. doctrine of jihad . war , peace in law of islam (pdf). baltimore: johns hopkins press. p. 60. retrieved october 26, 2015. [unlike 5 pillars of islam, jihad enforced state.] ... unless muslim community subjected sudden attack , therefore believers, including women , children under obligation fight -- [offensive jihad of sword] regarded jurists, no exception, collective obligation of whole muslim community, meaning if duty fulfilled part of community ceases obligatory on others. 
^ defence of muslim lands first obligation after iman
^ karagiannis, emmanuel (2010). political islam in central asia: challenge of hizb ut-tahrir. routledge. p. 112. retrieved 14 january 2016. 
^ karagiannis, political islam in central asia , 2010: p.112
^ see karagiannis, emmanuel; mccauley, clark (2006). hizb ut-tahrir al-islami: evaluating threat posed radical islamic group remains nonviolent (pdf). terrorism , political violence. 18: 317. doi:10.1080/09546550600570168. retrieved 28 january 2016. [while ht believes offenseive jihad reserved caliphate,] important note, however, group recognizes ‘islam permits muslims resist occupation of land,’ reference resistance movements in afghanistan , iraq. in other words, hizb ut-tahrir differentiates between jihad sanctioned caliph , resistance against foreign invaders. 
^ press release. s america, not pakistan, not in position fight open war . hizb ut-tahrir britain. september 14, 2008. retrieved 6 may 2016. 
^ manuela paraipan hizb ut tahrir: interview imran waheed, worldpress.org (12 september 2005).
^ impact of 7 july 2005 london bomb attacks on muslim communities in eu european monitoring centre on racism , xenophobia, november 2005, p. 19
^ elaine sciolino decade, london thrived busy crossroads of terror, new york times (10 july 2005).
^ country advisories & intel reports. july 8, 2005: united kingdom . terrorism research center. july 8, 2005. archived original on 25 march 2006. retrieved 21 january 2016. 
^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:51
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^ ahmed & stuart, hizb ut-tahrir, 2009: p.33
^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:48
^ cite error: named reference allahandthecaliphate invoked never defined (see page).
^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:13
^ taji-farouki, suha (october 2000). islamists , threat of jihad: hizb al-tahrir , al-muhajiroun on israel , jews . middle east studies. 36 (4): 24. jstor 4284112. 
^ ahmed & stuart, hizb ut-tahrir, 2009: p.32-3
^ hizbut tahrir, dangerous concepts, 1997: p.9-10
^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:53
^ [2] archived 8 may 2011 @ wayback machine.
^ baran, hizb ut-tahrir: islam’s political insurgency, 2004:49
^ baran, zeyno (10 july 2008). roots of violent islamist extremism , efforts counter committee on homeland security , governmental affairs united states senate (pdf). investigativeproject.org. retrieved 14 january 2016. 
^ wiktorowicz, quintan (2005). radical islam rising: muslim extremism in west. lanham maryland: bowman , littlefield. p. 10. isbn 0-7425-3640-8. retrieved 14 april 2016. 
^ taji-farouki, ‘islamists , threat of jihad’, p.36.
^ blogging qur’an: suras 72, “the jinn,” 73, “the mantled one,” 74, “the cloaked one,” 75, “resurrection,” , 76, “man” (jihadwatch)
^ press release, al-muhajiroun, september 16, 2001.
^ ‘suicide bombing reveals uk link terror’, yorkshire post, 29 december 2000
^ ‘one in 7 uk terror-related convictions linked islamist group threatening relaunch’, centre social cohesion press briefing, 1 june 2009
^ peter foster , maurice weaver, “young britons heed call arms holy war”, daily telegraph (london), december 29, 2004.
^ mayer, jean-françois (april 2004). psio occasional paper 4/2004 hizb ut-tahrir – next al-qaida, really ?. geneva: psio. retrieved 25 march 2016. mayer-2004 
^ gilligan, andrew (25 july 2010). hizb ut tahrir not gateway terrorism, claims whitehall report . london: telegraph. retrieved 8 may 2011. 
^ shafiq mohammed, letter editor, q news (london), march 15–21, 1996.
^ prosecution opening note, queen v parveen akther sharif, zahid hussain sharif, tahira shad tabassum, central criminal court, london, april 1, 2004
^ nicola woolcock, “the al-qaeda supergrass wanted wage in britain,” timesonline, march 24, 2006 http://www.timesonline.co.uk/printfriendly/0,,1-61-2101149-61,00...
^ yakub qureshi, “muslim cleric’s battle on fbi terror,” manchester evening news online, august 18, 2005
^ whine, hizb ut-tahrir changing strategy or tactics?, circa 2006: p.5
^ andreas ulrich, “a dagger in heart — fundamentalist group hizb ut-tahrir intensifies propaganda in germany, aim being set transcontinental theocracy , eliminate israel”, der spiegel, november 18, 2002
^ alexander verkhovsky, “is hizb ut-tahrir extremist organization?”, sova center information , analysis, moscow, http://sova-venter.ru
^ “political islam in changing middle east: reality,” young muslims organisation, summer term 2000, london.
^ marc sageman, understanding terror networks (philadelphia: university of pennsylvania press, 2004), pp. 27-28
^ “sentinel worldview”, jane’s intelligence review, december 2002
^ robert s. leiken , steven brooke, “who abu zarqawi?”, weekly standard, vol. 9, issue 35 (may 24, 2004)



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