The Crown in the Commonwealth realms Commonwealth realm

1 crown in commonwealth realms

1.1 royal succession , regency
1.2 monarch s role in realms
1.3 religious role of monarch
1.4 royal family

the crown in commonwealth realms

the evolution of commonwealth realms has resulted in crown having both shared , separate character, 1 individual being equally monarch of each state , acting such in right of particular realm distinct legal person guided advice of cabinet of jurisdiction. means in different contexts term crown may refer extra-national institution associating 16 countries, or crown in each realm considered separately. however, though monarchy therefore no longer exclusively british institution, having become domesticated in each of realms, may in media , legal fields still elaborated british crown reasons historical, of convenience, or political, regardless of different, specific, , official national titles , terms used when addressing queen of citizenry in each jurisdiction. example, in barbados queen titled elizabeth ii, queen of barbados, or queen of barbados, full title making mention of position queen of other commonwealth realms.

from cultural standpoint, sovereign s name , image , other royal symbols unique each nation visible in emblems , insignia of governmental institutions , militia. queen s effigy, example, appears on coins , banknotes in countries, , oath of allegiance queen required politicians, judges, military members , new citizens. 1959, being asserted buckingham palace officials queen equally @ home in realms.

royal succession , regency

charles, prince of wales (left), heir apparent queen elizabeth ii; elder son, prince william, duke of cambridge (centre), second in line of succession; , charles second son, prince henry of wales (right), third in line @ time of photograph (2006) (now fifth)

to guarantee continuity of multiple states sharing same person monarch, preamble of statute of westminster 1931 laid out convention alteration line of succession in 1 country must voluntarily approved parliaments of realms. convention first applied abdication of edward viii in 1936. expediency , avoid embarrassment, british government had suggested dominion governments automatically regard monarch of uk, whoever may be, monarch also. dominions rejected this: prime minister of canada william lyon mackenzie king pointed out statute of westminster required canada s request , consent legislation passed british parliament before become part of canada s laws , affect line of succession in canada. sir maurice gwyer, first parliamentary counsel in uk, reflected position, stating act of settlement part of law in each dominion. though today statute of westminster law in canada, australia, , united kingdom, convention of approval other realms reasserted perth agreement of 2011, in 16 countries agreed in principle change succession rule absolute primogeniture, remove restriction on monarch being married catholic, , reduce number of members of royal family need monarch s permission marry. these changes came effect on 26 march 2015. alternatively, commonwealth realm may choose cease being such making throne inheritance of different royal house or becoming republic, actions which, though alter country s royal succession, convention not apply.

agreement among realms not, however, mean succession laws cannot diverge. during abdication crisis in 1936, united kingdom passed majesty s declaration of abdication act approval of parliament of australia , governments of remaining dominions. (canada, new zealand, , south africa gave parliamentary assent later.) act effected edward s abdication in united kingdom on 11 december; canadian government had requested , consented act becoming part of canadian law, , australia , new zealand had not yet adopted statute of westminster, abdication took place in countries on same day. parliament of south africa, however, passed own legislation—his majesty king edward eighth s abdication act, 1937—which backdated abdication there 10 december. irish free state recognised king s abdication executive authority (external relations) act 1936 on 12 december. according anne twomey, demonstrated divisibility of crown in personal, political, sense. e h coghill, writing 1937, proved convention of common line of succession not of imperative force . , kenneth john scott asserted in 1962 ended convention statutory uniformity on these subjects maintained in parts of commonwealth continued owe allegiance crown .

today, realms govern succession own domestic laws, while others, either written clauses in constitution or convention, stipulate whoever monarch of united kingdom automatically monarch of realm. agreed unilateral alteration of succession uk not have effect in realms.

following accession of george vi throne, united kingdom created legislation provided regency in event monarch not of age or incapacitated. though input sought dominions on matter, declined make bound british legislation, feeling instead governors-general carry out royal functions in place of debilitated or underage sovereign; realms later created incorporated principle constitutions. new zealand included in constitution act 1986 clause specifying that, should regent installed in united kingdom, individual carry out functions of monarch of new zealand.

monarch s role in realms

the monarch holds highest position in each commonwealth realm , may perform such functions issuing executive orders, commanding military forces, , creating , administering laws. however, each country operates under westminster system of parliamentary democracy , concept of responsible government, meaning monarch exercises powers on advice of crown ministers, drawn from, , responsible to, elected chamber of relevant parliament. in realms, such papua new guinea, these conventions codified in constitutional law.

king george vi, queen elizabeth, grants royal assent bills in senate of canada, 1939

the sovereign resides predominantly in oldest realm, united kingdom, , carries out duties there in person. queen appoints viceroys perform of royal constitutional , ceremonial duties on behalf in other realms: in each, governor-general personal national representative, governor representative in each of australian states. these appointments made on advice of prime minister of country or premier of state concerned, though process may have additional requirements. in other cases, extent of varies realm realm, specific additional powers reserved exclusively monarch—such appointment of senators canadian senate, creation of honours, or issuance of letters patent—and on occasions of national importance, queen may advised perform in person constitutional duties, such granting royal assent or issuing royal proclamation. otherwise, royal powers, including royal prerogative, carried out on behalf of sovereign relevant viceroy, who, apart mentioned, include lieutenant governor in each province of canada (appointed governor general of canada). in united kingdom, queen appoints counsellors of state perform constitutional duties in absence.

similarly, monarch perform ceremonial duties in commonwealth realms mark historically significant events. or in united kingdom and, in other countries, during tours @ least once every 5 or 6 years, meaning queen present in number of dominions outside uk, or acting on behalf of realms abroad, approximately every other year. work, sovereign receives no salary state; instead, expenses incurred each event (security, transportation, venue, etc.) are, due nature of crown in realms, funded relevant state individually through ordinary legislative budgeting process and, if called for, organisation invited sovereign s attendance. these engagements organised in order crown honour, encourage, , learn achievements or endeavours of individuals, institutions, , enterprises in variety of areas of lives of queen s subjects.

citizens in commonwealth realms may request birthday or wedding anniversary messages sent sovereign. available 100th, 105th, , beyond birthdays; , 60th ( diamond ), 65th, 70th ( platinum ), , beyond wedding anniversaries.

religious role of monarch

the sovereign s religious role differs country country. in realms except papua new guinea, queen sovereign grace of god , phrase forms part of official title within states. in canada, united kingdom, , new zealand, defender of faith (in latin: fidei defensor)—the ancient phrase first granted in 1521 pope leo x king henry viii—is included part of royal title , sovereign anointed such in coronation takes place in of realms, ceremony in context of church service imbued theological , constitutional symbolism , meaning, held @ westminster abbey in london, united kingdom.

however, solely in united kingdom queen plays role in organised religion. in england, acts supreme governor of church of england , appoints bishops , archbishops thereafter act lords spiritual. in scotland, swears oath uphold , protect church of scotland , sends meetings of church s general assembly lord high commissioner representative, when not in attendance.

royal family

as sovereign, commonwealth realms share single royal family. family referred informally british royal family, in conflict official national titles, such in canada. though there no strict legal or formal definition of or not member of royal family, group loosely defined extended family of monarch, , these persons constitute apex of modern royal court.

these persons, either representatives of monarch or part of own charitable endeavours, perform public duties @ hundreds of events throughout 16 realms each year, funded in same way monarch s similar execution of or ceremonial role. work, formally recorded in court circular, draws public attention amicable relations within , between nations of commonwealth , beyond; members of royal family draw enormous media coverage in form of photographic, written, , televised commentary on not activities , public roles, family relationships, rites of passage, personalities, attire, , behaviour.

cite error: there <ref group=†> tags on page, references not show without {{reflist|group=†}} template (see page).