Sri Lanka Linguistic rights

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the start of conflict regarding languages in sri lanka goes far rule of british. during colonial period, english had special , powerful position in sri lanka. british ruled in sri lanka late eighteenth century 1948. english official language of administration then. before departure of british, swabhasha (your own language) movement launched in bid phase out english slowly, replacing sinhala or tamil. however, shortly after departure of british campaign, various political reasons, evolved advocating sinhala , tamil replacing english sinhala replacing english.


in 1956, first election after independence, opposition won , official language declared sinhala. tamil people unhappy, feeling disadvantaged. because sinhala official language, made easier people mother tongue sinhala enter government sector , provided them unfair advantage in education system. tamils did not understand sinhala felt inconvenienced had depend on others translate official documents them.


both tamil , sinhala-speaking people felt language crucial identity. sinhala people associated language rich heritage. afraid that, given there 9 million speakers of language @ time, if sinhala not official language lost. tamil people felt sinhala-only policy assert dominance of sinhalese people , such might lose language, culture , identity.


despite unhappiness of tamil people, no big political movement undertaken till 1970s. in may 1976, there public demand tamil state. during 1956 election federal party had replaced tamil congress. party bent on attainment of freedom tamil-speaking people of ceylon establishment of autonomous tamil state on linguistic basis within framework of federal union of ceylon . did not have success. in 1972, federal party, tamil congress , other organizations banded new party called tamil united front .


one of catalysts tamil separation arose in 1972 when sinhala government made amendments constitution. sinhala government decided promote buddhism official religion, claiming shall duty of state protect , foster buddhism . given majority of tamils hindus, created unease. there fear among tamils people belonging untouchable castes encouraged convert buddhism , brainwashed learn sinhala well.


another spur impatience of tamil youth in sri lanka. veteran politicians noted current youths more ready engage in violence, , of them had ties rebel groups in south india. in 1974, there conference of tamil studies organized in jaffna. conference turned violent. resulted in deaths of 7 people. consequently, 40 – 50 tamil youths in between years of 1972 , 1975 detained without being charged, further increasing tension.


a third stimulus changes in criteria university examinations in 1970s. government decided wanted standardize university admission criteria, based on language entrance exams taken in. noted students took exams in tamil scored better students took in sinhala. government decided tamil students had achieve higher score students took exam in sinhala enter universities. result, number of tamil students entering universities fell.


after july 1977 election, relations between sinhalese , ceylon tamil people became worse. there flash violence in parts of country. estimated 100 people killed , thousands of people fled homes. among these tensions, call separate state among tamil people grew louder.








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