History Open-source hardware

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openhardware.org logo (2013)



oshwa logo


the first hardware focused open source activities started around 1997 bruce perens, creator of open source definition, co-founder of open source initiative, , ham radio operator. launched open hardware certification program, had goal of allowing hardware manufacturers self-certify products open.


shortly after launch of open hardware certification program, david freeman announced open hardware specification project (ohspec), attempt @ licensing hardware components interfaces available publicly , of creating entirely new computing platform alternative proprietary computing systems. in 1999, sepehr kiani, ryan vallance , samir nayfeh joined efforts apply open-source philosophy machine design applications. established open design foundation (odf) non-profit corporation , set out develop open design definition. of these activities faded out after few years.


by mid 2000s open-source hardware again became hub of activity due emergence of several major open-source hardware projects , companies, such opencores, reprap (3d printing), arduino, adafruit , sparkfun. in 2007, perens reactivated openhardware.org website.


following open graphics project, effort design, implement, , manufacture free , open 3d graphics chip set , reference graphics card, timothy miller suggested creation of organization safeguard interests of open graphics project community. thus, patrick mcnamara founded open hardware foundation (ohf) in 2007.


the tucson amateur packet radio corporation (tapr), founded in 1982 non-profit organization of amateur radio operators goals of supporting r&d efforts in area of amateur digital communications, created in 2007 first open hardware license, tapr open hardware license. osi president eric s. raymond expressed concerns aspects of ohl , decided not review license.


around 2010 in context of freedom defined project, open hardware definition created collaborative work of many , accepted of 2016 dozens of organizations , companies.


in july 2011, cern (european organization nuclear research) released open-source hardware license, cern ohl. javier serrano, engineer @ cern’s beams department , founder of open hardware repository, explained: “by sharing designs openly, cern expects improve quality of designs through peer review , guarantee users – including commercial companies – freedom study, modify , manufacture them, leading better hardware , less duplication of efforts”. while drafted address cern-specific concerns, such tracing impact of organization’s research, in current form can used developing open-source hardware.


following 2011 open hardware summit, , after heated debates on licenses , constitutes open-source hardware, bruce perens abandoned oshw definition , concerted efforts of involved it. openhardware.org, led bruce perens, promotes , identifies practices meet combined requirements of open source hardware definition, open source definition, , 4 freedoms of free software foundation since 2014 openhardware.org not online , seems have ceased activity.


the open source hardware association (oshwa) @ oshwa.org proposes open source hardware , acts hub of open source hardware activity of genres, while cooperating other entities such tapr, cern, , osi. oshwa established organization in june 2012 in delaware , filed tax exemption status in july 2013. after same debates trademark interferences osi, in 2012 oshwa , osi signed co-existence agreement.


in 2012, after years of skepticism on relevance of free hardware designs, free software foundation started respects freedom (ryf) computer hardware product certification program. intended encourage creation , sale of hardware respects users freedom , privacy, , aims ensure users have control on devices. ryf certified laptops faced criticism on basis of being slow , outdated hardware.


fsf s replicant project suggested in 2016 alternative free hardware definition, derived fsf s 4 freedoms.








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