Viewing Mars

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1 viewing

1.1 closest approaches

1.1.1 relative
1.1.2 absolute, around present time







viewing

animation of apparent retrograde motion of mars in 2003 seen earth


because orbit of mars eccentric, apparent magnitude @ opposition sun can range −3.0 −1.4. minimum brightness magnitude +1.6 when planet in conjunction sun. mars appears distinctly yellow, orange, or red; actual color of mars closer butterscotch, , redness seen dust in planet s atmosphere. nasa s spirit rover has taken pictures of greenish-brown, mud-colored landscape blue-grey rocks , patches of light red sand. when farthest away earth, more 7 times farther away when closest. when least favorably positioned, can lost in sun s glare months @ time. @ favorable times—at 15- or 17-year intervals, , between late july , late september—a lot of surface detail can seen telescope. noticeable, @ low magnification, polar ice caps.


as mars approaches opposition, begins period of retrograde motion, means appear move backwards in looping motion respect background stars. duration of retrograde motion lasts 72 days, , mars reaches peak luminosity in middle of motion.


closest approaches
relative

the point @ mars s geocentric longitude 180° different sun s known opposition, near time of closest approach earth. time of opposition can occur as 8.5 days away closest approach. distance @ close approach varies between 54 , 103 million km due planets elliptical orbits, causes comparable variation in angular size. last mars opposition occurred on may 22, 2016 @ distance of 76 million km. next mars opposition occurs on july 27, 2018 @ distance of 58 million km. average time between successive oppositions of mars, synodic period, 780 days; number of days between dates of successive oppositions can range 764 812.


as mars approaches opposition begins period of retrograde motion, makes appear move backwards in looping motion relative background stars. duration of retrograde motion 72 days.


absolute, around present time

mars oppositions 2003–2018, viewed above ecliptic earth centered


mars made closest approach earth , maximum apparent brightness in 60,000 years, 55,758,006 km (0.37271925 au; 34,646,419 mi), magnitude −2.88, on august 27, 2003 @ 9:51:13 ut. occurred when mars 1 day opposition , 3 days perihelion, making particularly easy see earth. last time came close estimated have been on september 12, 57,617 bc, next time being in 2287. record approach closer other recent close approaches. instance, minimum distance on august 22, 1924 7010557775660904950♠0.37285 au, , minimum distance on august 24, 2208 7010557685902182530♠0.37279 au.








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