Language rights in different countries Linguistic rights

1 language rights in different countries

1.1 australia
1.2 austria
1.3 canada
1.4 croatia
1.5 finland
1.6 india
1.7 ireland
1.8 mexico
1.9 pakistan
1.10 poland
1.11 spain
1.12 united states

language rights in different countries
australia

zuckermann et al. (2014) proposed enactment of native tongue title , ex gratia compensation scheme loss of indigenous languages in australia: although australian states have enacted ex gratia compensation schemes victims of stolen generations policies, victims of linguicide (language killing) largely overlooked ... existing grant schemes support aboriginal languages ... should complemented compensation schemes, based on claim of right. proposed compensation scheme loss of aboriginal languages should support effort reclaim , revive lost languages.

on october 11, 2017, new south wales (nsw) parliament passed legislation recognises , revives indigenous languages first time in australia s history. nsw government appoint independent panel of aboriginal language experts , establish languages centres .

austria

under austrian constitutional law (1867), article 8(2) grants right maintenance , development of nationality , language ethnic minorities, equal rights languages used within regions in domains of education, administration , public life, right education in own language ethnic communities, without necessity of acquiring second language used in province.

canada

the canadian charter of rights , freedoms (1982) grants positive linguistic rights, guaranteeing state responsibility french , english language communities. section 23 declares 3 types of rights canadian citizens speaking french or english mother tongue , minorities in region. first accords right of access instruction in medium of mother tongue. second assures educational facilities minority languages. third endows french , english language minorities right maintain , develop own educational facilities. control can take form of exclusive decision-making authority on expenditure of funds, appointment , direction of administration, instructional programs, recruitment of teachers , personnel, , making of agreements education , services . of these rights apply primary , secondary education, sustained on public funds, , depend on numbers , circumstances.

croatia


minority languages in croatia (official use @ local level)

croatian language stated official language of croatia in article 3 of croatian constitution. same article of constitution stipulates in of local units, croatian language , latin script, in official use may introduce language , cyrillic or other script under conditions prescribed law. example of use of minority language @ regional level istria county official languages croatian , italian. in eastern croatia, in joint council of municipalities, @ local (municipal) level introduced serbian co official language. each municipality, minority has more 1 third of population, can if wants introduce minority language in official use.

finland

finland has 1 of overt linguistic rights frameworks. discrimination based on language forbidden under basic rights citizens in finland. section 17 of constitution of finland explicitly details right 1 s language , culture, although these languages stated either finnish or swedish. right applies in courts of law , other authorities, translated official documents. there overt obligation of state provide cultural , societal needs of finnish-speaking , swedish-speaking populations of country on equal basis . other language communities, ones mentioned indigenous groups, granted right maintenance , development of own language. there additional right specific group, sami, may use sami language when communicating authorities. deaf community granted right sign language , interpretation or translation.

regulations regarding rights of linguistic minorities in finland, insist on forming of district first 9 years of comprehensive school education in each language, in municipalities both finnish- , swedish-speaking children, long there minimum of 13 students language community of mother tongue.

india

the constitution of india first drafted on january 26, 1950. estimated there 1500 languages in india. article 343-345 declared official languages of india communication centre hindi , english. there 22 official languages identified constitution. india not have national language. article 345 states legislature of state may law adopt 1 or more of languages in use in state or hindi language or languages used or of official purposes of state: provided that, until legislature of state otherwise provides law, english language shall continue used official purposes within state being used before commencement of constitution .

ireland

language rights in ireland recognised in constitution of ireland , in official languages act.

irish national , first official language according constitution (with english being second official language). constitution permits public conduct business – , every part of business – state solely through irish.

on 14 july 2003, president of ireland signed official languages act 2003 law , provisions of act gradually brought force on three-year period. act sets out duties of public bodies regarding provision of services in irish , rights of public avail of services.

the use of irish on country s traffic signs visible illustration of state s policy regarding official languages. statutory requirement placenames on signs in both irish , english except in gaeltacht, signs in irish only.

mexico

language rights recognized in mexico in 2003 general law of linguistic rights indigenous peoples established framework conservation, nurturing , development of indigenous languages. recognizes countries many indigenous languages coofficial national languages, , obligates government offer public services in indigenous languages. of 2014 goal of offering public services in indigenous languages has not been met.

pakistan

pakistan uses english (pakistani english) , urdu official languages. although urdu serves national language , lingua franca , understood of population, natively spoken 8% of population. english not natively used first language, but, official purposes, 49% of population able communicate in form of english. however, major regional languages punjabi (spoken majority of population), sindhi, pashto, saraiki, hindko, balochi, brahui , shina have no official status @ federal level.

poland

the republic of poland declares shall apply european charter regional or minority languages in accordance act on national , ethnic minorities , on regional language, dated 6 january 2005.

spain

spanish language stated official language of spain in article 3 of spanish constitution, being learning of language compulsory same article. however, constitution makes provisions other languages of spain official in respective communities. example use of basque language in basque autonomous community (bac). apart spanish, other co-official languages basque, catalan , galician.

united states

language rights in united states derived fourteenth amendment, equal protection , due process clauses, because forbid racial , ethnic discrimination, allowing language minorities use amendment claim language rights. 1 example of use of due process clauses meyer v. nebraska case held 1919 nebraska law restricting foreign-language education violated due process clause of fourteenth amendment. 2 other cases of major importance linguistic rights yu cong eng v. trinidad case, overturned language-restrictive legislation in philippines, declaring piece of legislation violative of due process , equal protection clauses of philippine autonomy act of congress , farrington v. tokushige case, ruled governmental regulation of private schools, particularly restrict teaching of languages other english , hawaiian, damaging migrant population of hawaii. both of these cases influenced meyer case, precedent.