Grammar Iban language

-



1 grammar

1.1 personal pronouns
1.2 possessive pronouns
1.3 demonstrative determiners
1.4 demonstrative pronouns
1.5 adverbs

1.5.1 demonstrative adverbs
1.5.2 locatives
1.5.3 manner







grammar

the prefix used show work or action be. prefix put in front of verb. there many prefixes used in iban language. example, gagai used in many style of prefix base on condition of word.



gagai - chase-
begagai - chasing each other
digagai - chased by
dipegagaika - being chased many
tegagaika - outrun/-outpace
pengagai - person chases

other examples:



sayau - love
dikesayauka - loved by
penyayau - affection
kiruh - busy
ngiruhka - make busy-
pengiruh - preoccupied
pengiruh-ngiruh - preoccupied
enjuk - give
berenjuk - giving each other (present)
ngenjuk
dienjuk - gave (past)
deka ngenjuk - given (future)
pengenjuk - giver
kangau - call
bekangau - calling each other (present)
ngangau - calling (present)
dikangau - called (past)
deka dikangau - called (future)
pengangau - caller

personal pronouns

iban has separate words inclusive , exclusive we, , distinguishes singular, dual, , plural.




sample



ke nuan -
ke aku - me
ke kami -
bup aku - book
bakih aku - friend
apai aku - father
gamal nuan -
sulu nuan - beloved
sekula kami - our school
ke pangan aku - beloved
ke anak aku - child
ari indai di - mother
ari bakih aku - friend

mostly pronouns put after subjects


possessive pronouns

engku - mine
enggi di , enggi nuan - yours
enggi iya - his/her
enggi tua - ours (both of us)
enggi sida - theirs

sample phases:



baju tu engku - shirt mine.
tu enggi nuan - yours
siti nyin enggi tua - 1 belongs both of

demonstrative determiners

there 3 demonstrative determiners in iban. tu this, these used noun near speaker, nya that, used noun far speaker , nyin furthest speaker.



these words can act demonstrative pronouns can stands on theirs own, replacing rather modifying noun.


example:



nyamai tu. - good.
ok meh nya. - s ok.
peda di nyin dih. - @ that.

demonstrative pronouns

in iban, demonstrative pronouns words show person or thing being referred in relation location of addressee speaker. there 3 demonstrative pronouns in iban depending on location speaker. can used refer addressee (human) , cannot used refer inanimate objects.



examples:



nama gaga iya tu baka nya?. - why person acting in such way?
kini ke iya nya tadi? - going? (referring second closest person speaker)
ni iya nyin tadi dih? - other (person) one?.(referring third person furthest form speaker)

adverbs
demonstrative adverbs

demonstrative adverbs in iban closely related demonstrative pronouns in iban grammar. example, corresponding demonstrative pronouns adverbs such kitu (= going here), kia (= going there ) , kin (= going there (farthest) ) equivalent adverbs corresponding demonstrative pronoun tu, nya , nyin.



examples:



kitu nuan. - come here (you).
kini di kia? - why going there? (within sight of speaker)
aram kin tua. - lets go there. (referring location far away speaker)

locatives

examples:



aku nganti nuan ditu. - wait here.
aku nganti nuan dia. - wait there. (not far speaker location).
din ku nganti nuan. - wait there.(referring far place)

manner

iban has set of adverbs referring manner. combination of baka (ke) ( like/as ) , abbreviated determiner forms tu, nya , nyin.



examples:



aku ka iya baka tu. - want this.
nama di ngaga iya baka nya? - why did treat him this?
uji gaga di baka ke nyin. - try that.






Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

In literature Socialist realism in Romania

-
1 in literature 1.1 prose works 1.2 poetry 1.3 drama in literature the symbolic debut of socialist realism in literature, official ideology, took place in january 1948, when 3 articles signed sorin toma published in scînteia. titled poetry of putrefaction or putrefaction of poetry , dealt poetic works of tudor arghezi. language used extremely harsh , marked complete break interwar values: foul-smelling vocabulary [...], arghezi in poetry picasso did in painting, introducing excrement artistic material... 1 finds bits of real beauty here , there in arghezi s poetry. in 1950, mihai eminescu school of literature founded, aim of forming new generation of writers in romanian people s republic. in article published in viaţa românească (nr. 3 of 1951), mihai beniuc, member of writers union of romania, offered definition of socialist-realist poet: must philosopher familiar profound ideas of age [...], toward marx, engels, lenin , stalin opened way [...], , activist in service of ideas. ne...
Read more

Flipnote creation Flipnote Studio 3D

-
the main screen of flipnote creation interface. largely similar predecessor, flipnote studio 3d allows users create short animated sketches known flipnotes. flipnotes can made of hundreds of frames, , can played @ variety of speeds. software offers users option create 3d flipnotes drawing different parts of animation on 3 layers. the main tools include pen, eraser, , paintbrush. new flipnotes studio 3d tools draw shapes, fill enclosed areas (paint bucket), , insert text. application features limited color palette, including black, white, red, blue, green, , yellow. slight improvement upon flipnote studio, didn t include yellow , green selectable colors, still possible using color mixing. selection tool used copy , manipulate parts of frame. users can use 3ds system s camera , microphone add audio , photos creations. these animations can either shared on application s native online community, or exporting them gif or avi files.
Read more

How CURP codes are built Unique Population Registry Code

-
1 how curp codes built 1.1 exceptions 1.1.1 Ñ 1.1.2 common given names 1.1.3 catalog of inappropriate words how curp codes built to understand how curp codes built, 1 must first understand hispano american naming conventions. full names in spanish-speaking countries (including mexican full names) consist of 3 elements: the curp code composed of 18 characters assigned follows: the first surname s initial , first inside vowel; the second surname s initial (or letter x if, foreign nationals, person has no second surname); the first given name s initial; date of birth (2 digits year, 2 digits month, , 2 digits day); a one-letter gender indicator (h male (hombre in spanish) or m female (mujer in spanish)); a two-letter code state person born; persons born abroad, code ne (nacido en el extranjero) used; the first surname s second inside consonant; the second surname s second inside consonant; the first given name s second inside consonant; and two characters ranging 0-9 people born before...
Read more