Distinctive features Self-assembly

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1 distinctive features

1.1 order
1.2 interactions
1.3 building blocks





distinctive features

at point, 1 may argue chemical reaction driving atoms , molecules assemble larger structures, such precipitation, fall category of sa. however, there @ least 3 distinctive features make sa distinct concept.


order

first, self-assembled structure must have higher order isolated components, shape or particular task self-assembled entity may perform. not true in chemical reactions, ordered state may proceed towards disordered state depending on thermodynamic parameters.


interactions

the second important aspect of sa key role of slack interactions (e.g. van der waals, capillary,



π
−
π


{\displaystyle \pi -\pi }

, hydrogen bonds) respect more traditional covalent, ionic, or metallic bonds. although typically less energetic factor of 10, these weak interactions play important role in materials synthesis. can instructive note how slack interactions hold prominent place in materials, in biological systems, although considered marginal respect strong (i.e. covalent, etc.) interactions. instance, determine physical properties of liquids, solubility of solids, , organization of molecules in biological membranes.


building blocks

the third distinctive feature of sa building blocks not atoms , molecules, span wide range of nano- , mesoscopic structures, different chemical compositions, shapes , functionalities. research possible three-dimensional shapes of self-assembling micrites examines platonic solids (regular polyhedral). term ‘micrite’ created darpa refer sub-millimeter sized microrobots, self-organizing abilities may compared of slime mold. recent examples of novel building blocks include polyhedra , patchy particles. examples included microparticles complex geometries, such hemispherical, dimer, discs, rods, molecules


, multimers. these nanoscale building blocks (nbbs) can in turn synthesised through conventional chemical routes or other sa strategies such directional entropic forces.








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