FIDAC and Pattern Recognition Robert Ledley

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robert ledley pictured fidac in 2007.



robert ledley posing ibm 360 used in conjunction fidac. sheets of paper on left side of photograph printouts of digitized chromosome micrographs. stacks of ibm punched cards present near ledley s right arm.


the nbrf’s earliest area of emphasis developing optical pattern recognition technology. working wilson in 1960 , 1961, ledley built automatic device antibiotic determination (adad), computerized light-measuring device tested efficacy of antibiotic drugs measuring transparency in petri dish cultures. areas transparent areas antibiotics had killed bacterial populations; areas opaque areas bacteria still alive. nbrf sold several adad units food , drug administration, , large pharmaceutical companies.


building on success of adad, ledley, wilson, , newcomer nbrf, electrical engineer thomas golab, developed film input digital automatic computer (fidac) in mid-1960s. fidac designed scan photograph memory , send information larger computer (e.g. ibm 360) in order recognize patterns in scanned image. digitize photograph, fidac impose 700 x 500 point grid (of arbitrary size) onto , measure light level @ each point. depending on light level detected @ it, each point assigned integer ranging 0 9. fidac generate 350,000-point scan in under 0.5 seconds.


ledley designed fidac scan photomicrographs of chromosomes in order automate labor-intensive task of karyotype analysis, used detect conditions such turner syndrome , down syndrome. once programmed distinguish chromosomes background , recognize abnormalities in given sample (e.g. presence of chromosome(s), abnormally-shaped chromosome(s)), fidac perform in 40 seconds chromosome analysis took skilled technician 15 minutes complete hand.


beyond chromosome analysis, fidac adapted digitize , analyze photographs of neurons , pap smears schlieren photographs. dozen fidac units sold during 1960s, , 1970s there considerable demand smaller version of machine. jet propulsion laboratory awarded nih grant develop small, fidac-like instrument use in laboratories , clinics.


to facilitate discussion among users , developers of fidac, ledley founded in 1969 peer-reviewed journal pattern recognition, official journal of pattern recognition society. ledley remained editor of pattern recognition until 2010.








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