History Fortified Sector of the Lower Rhine

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1 history

1.1 battle of france

1.1.1 units


1.2 1944





history
battle of france

the french rhine defences did not see significant action until middle of june 1940. time main french army in full retreat. casemate lines along rhine not supported significant mobile forces or field artillery, had been diverted more urgent tasks. casemates designed mutually supporting, fields of fire along rhine rather across it. first line exposed enemy fire across rhine, distance of few hundred metres. german forces, under general dollmann, amounted 7 divisions of seventh army, supported 3 hundred artillery pieces, chiefly concentrated opposite sf colmar, south.


the codename kleiner bär ( little bear or lesser bear ) given planned german cross-rhine operation. initial attack started @ 0900 (some sources 1000) on 15 june artillery bombardments. 8.8 cm guns concentrated on french positions across river, destroying many in few minutes. @ 0920 first assault crossed river, composed of german 218th infantry division @ schoenau, 221st infantry division @ limbourg , 239th infantry division @ sponeck, in sf colmar. supporting operations carried out 554th id @ neuf-brisach (sf colmar) , 557th id @ rhinau in lower rhine sector. 557th id s attack @ rhinau intended diversionary attack, produced significant success. artillery bombardment , infantry attack destroyed french positions, casemate rhinau sud holding out through day. positions suffered fate similar rhinau nord, overcome attackers 1 french death.


the german bridgehead extended on 16 june, general withdrawal french forces in sf colmar, leaving lower rhine guarding rear of sf haguenau , sf vosges. germans continued systematically assault , capture positions moving north rhinau. meanwhile, german 165th id, having penetrated main maginot line @ weakly defended sarre sector, moved south sf lower rhine. german 555th id crossed rhine on 21 june , occupied strasbourg.


from until armistice took effect on 25 june, there little additional movement.


units

the 172nd rif stationed along riverside between drusenheim , rhinau. regiment traded fire german positions across rhine through winter. regiment s interval units received orders fall bruche valley in vosges on 13 june. riverside units retreated 18 june. regiment surrendered 23–24 june in area between schirmeck , rothau.


1944

as allied forces approached rhine in november 1944, germans destroyed many of bankside fortifications had escaped damage in 1940.








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